Term 1- Lec 10- Enzymes Flashcards
The 6 types of enzymatic reactions
Hydrolases, Ligases, Lyases, Oxidoreductases, Transferases, and Isomerases
Hydrolases
Cleave bonds by the addition of water
Ligases:
Form bonds between C and O, S, and N coupled with hydrolysis of high energy phosphates
Lyases:
Cleave C-C, C-S, and certain C-N
Oxidoreductases:
Catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions
Transferases:
Transfer C-, N- and P- containing groups
Isomerases:
Catalyze racemization of optical or geometric isomers
Cofactor
A small molecule required for the catalytic activity of an enzyme
Coenzyme
An organic cofactor ie. vitamins
Cosubstrate
When the cofactor only transiently binds to the enzyme
Prosthetic group
When the cofactor is permanently associated with the enzyme, either covalently or non-covalently
Holoenzyme
Catalytically active enzyme-cofactor complex
Apoenzyme
Inactive protein lacking the cofactor
Glycopeptidyl Transferase (GT)
Penecillin acts as a competitive inhibitor and covalently binds the active site, rendering it useless
Catalysis by proximity
Enzyme creates local high concentration of substrates and orients them correctly for bonding