Term 1

Question 1

How is the Earth structured?

Answer 1

The Earth can be divided into four layers: Inner core, outer core, mantle and crust.

Question 2

What is plate tectonics?

Answer 2

The movement of the plates on the crust, and was developed in the 1950s and 1960s

Question 3

Consequences of an Earthquake

Answer 3

Significant Effects:

• Effects to the structure, including buildings, roads, and communication systems
• People can get injured and die in the remains of the building

Secondary Effects:
- Spread of fire, landslides, flooding, tsunamis, etc.

Temporary Effects:
- Increase in crime levels and looting as shops and homes can be robbed

Long-Term Effects
- Damaged places must be rebuilt, and new systems have to be set up

Question 4

What are the different ways that societies can respond to natural hazards?

Answer 4

Special aid agency, financial help, and medical help.

Or

1. Wealth and level of development
   Developed countries tend to have the resources to respond effectively to disasters, such as emergency services, specially designed buildings, etc., whereas developing countries may lack the resources to respond and may rely on overseas aid.
2. Time
   If an earthquake happens at night, it can potentially be more devastating as people do not have time to get outside to a safe area away from buildings.
   Equally, if a disaster strikes during a rush hour in a city, the volume of people can be difficult to manage and potentially very hazardous.
3. Population
   Countries with high population level can be the hit particularly badly when disasters such as earthquakes and volcanoes hit.
4. Weather and climate
   Very hot weather or large amount of rainfall can lead to the spread of diseases as the infrastructure struggles to cope with the effects of the disaster.

Question 5

How do disasters affect the identities of societies?

Answer 5

Disasters have a major impact on social infrastructure and culture

Question 6

Are wealthy countries safer from disasters?

Answer 6

People in wealthier countries have better access to the kinds of resources that help both reduce the damage of the disaster and to cope with them when they do occur.

Question 7

List all the layers of the earth studied in school.

Answer 7

The Earth can be divided into four layers: Inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.

The inner core has a temperature of between 5000 and 6000 degrees Celsius and it is made from iron and nickel

The outer core has a temperature of between 4000 and 6000 degrees Celsius and is made of iron, nickel, Sulphur, and oxygen.

The mantle is the widest section of the earth

The crust is divided into plates. The land is made up of a continental crust and seas and oceans are made up of oceanic crust.

Question 8

Explain the convection currents.

Answer 8

It is the up and down movement of the liquid in the mantle.

Question 9

How do you think individuals and societies helps you learn about the world around you?

Answer 9

It explains all the natural disasters and how can we be safe from it. It helps understand the historical experiences of societies.

Question 10

What do countries do in Commonwealth? And how many countries are concerned in it?

Answer 10

The commonwealth is an organization of 53 nations that have in the past had links to the UK. It promotes peace and human rights.

Question 11

How does direct democracy work? Explain your understanding.

Answer 11

Direct democracy means the eligible people living in a country or state make decision on the laws that are passed.
This system was used in Athens in Ancient Greece.

Question 12

What major event took place on November 28, 1893?

Answer 12

On November 28, 1893, New Zealand allowed women to vote for the first time.

Question 13

What do you think about countries that are governed by a monarchy?

Answer 13

Monarchy is seen as one of the most stable forms of government. Citizens don’t appreciate living in a country with monarchy, but that country has peace, no elections, etc.

Question 14

What are the similarities and differences between the monarchy in Japan and the UK?

Answer 14

Similarity: Both are a constitutional monarchy

Difference: The UK doesn’t have a written constitution whereas Japan has.

Difference: Japan has a emperor and empress whereas UK doesent

Question 15

Explain how can tracing back your descendants through time can be exciting.

Answer 15

The process will be interesting. It gives you a sense of identity

Question 16

Compare republics from constitutional monarchies.

Answer 16

Constitutional monarchy is where an individual exercises power over a society because they are from a particular family. It means the monarch has a more ceremonial role rather than direct political control whereas republic is a system with an elected head of state usually a president.

Question 17

What do you understand by the term ‘cult of personality’? why is it important to the North Korean state?

Answer 17

Cult of personality promotes strength of the leader for the people to follow the authority and in North Korea the leader is being promoted every time and no one can go against him.

Question 18

Do you agree with quote that ‘all of North Korea is a jail? explain your answer.

Answer 18

Yes, I agree because that country is not equipped with the latest technology, and it has no internet for the public to use and they to do what the ruler tell them to do

Question 19

What are natural hazards and how do societies respond to them?

Answer 19

A natural hazard is a natural phenomenon that might have a negative effect on humans and other animals, or the environment. To minimize loss of human life and damage to infrastructure, societies need to prepare for different hazards they may face.

Question 20

Explain the similarities between the apple and the structure of the earth.

Answer 20

The core of an apple is similar to the outer and inner cores of the earth. The core is like a little round ball in the middle of the earth, very similar to the seed in the depths of an apple.

Question 21

How do mountains form?

Answer 21

Most mountains formed from Earth’s tectonic plates smashing together.

Question 22

What process takes place when oceanic crust collides with a continental crust?

Answer 22

Subduction takes place when oceanic crust collides with a continental crust.

Question 23

Why do you think it is important to classify earthquakes according to their strengths?

Answer 23

Because we want to know more about their causes and predict where they are likely to happen and if they should panic or not.

Question 24

Explain how earthquakes can lead to a temporary increase in crime levels

Answer 24

Looting can happen as shops and homes can be robbed because everyone will run out to a safer place and shops and homes will be open with no one.

Question 25

What is feudalism or the feudal system?

Answer 25

It is the type of social and political system in which land holders provide land to tenants in exchange for their loyalty and service.

Question 26

What are the positive and negative consequences of volcanoes?

Answer 26

Positive consequences.
- Volcanic eruption can benefit farming considerably. The debris emitted from a volcano can, over time, create a very rich and fertile soil, which is ideal for growing a range of crops.

• Volcanoes can be good for tourism. People are curious about volcanic areas of the world as there is usually a rich diversity of geological formations of interest.

Negative consequences.
- Volcanic eruptions can lead to considerable human suffering. Fast-flowing lava can kill people, and suffocation can result from being exposed to the gases and debris in the air.

• Volcanic eruption and the subsequent hazards can lead to the destruction of plants and animals life. This can lead to an imbalance in the local ecosystem.
• Human settlements and agricultural land can be destroyed as a result of volcanic eruptions. Mudslides can make areas inhospitable for years to come.

Question 27

What is monarchy?

Answer 27

Monarchy refers to a form of government where an individual exercises power over a society because they are from a particular family.