Final Exam Preparation Flashcards
What has been the pattern of global population change?
From the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century, the world population hit 1 billion and it led to an increased interconnectedness because of colonialism and trade. The survival rates improved, and infant mortality rate reduced.
At the start of the twentieth century, the population was under 2 billion. The increase is largely due to continued improvements in healthcare.
How can we model population change?
We could use demography to model population change. One of the methods is known as the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) where societies move through the different stages of population structure. Stage 1: High stationary Stage 2: Early expanding Stage 3: The late expanding Stage 4: The low stationary Stage 5: The decline stage
What are some of the social issues that can be caused by population change?
In overcrowded cities, sanitation issues were rife, and many jobs, such as coal mining, were not safe. These social issues present a challenge to the government.
What processes contribute to population change?
The most important processes that contribute to population change are birth rate, death rate and migration.
Should governments try to control the sizes of their populations?
Governments in some countries have introduced laws relating to birth control while others have encouraged higher number of births to increase the size of population.
What is birth rate and how is it calculated?
Birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 people per year.
What do you understand by the RNI (the rate of Natural Increase? and how is it found?)
The rate of natural increase refers to the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year.
RNI: Birth rate – Death rate
How is the infant mortality rate found?
Infant mortality rate is the number of death of children under the age of 1 year per 1,000 live births.
How was the pattern on population growth between birth rate and death rate in the pre-1800?
It is estimated that the population didn’t reach 1 billion until the year 1800. For much of the time before 1800, the birth rate was very high, with families often having between four and eight babies. But the death rate was also very high, and, of particular importance, the infant mortality rate was high. In 1800, it was the stage of high stationary.
What does life expectancy have to do with the population growth?
If the life expectancy of a particular society is higher then the overall death rate decreases which affects the population growth to grow faster and huge.
What are the factors that influenced the increase of the world population?
The more developed a country is, typically, the healthier its population will be. Better services, such as health facilities, better doctor-patient ratios and higher quality of life all contribute to the increase of the world population.
List the five stages of population structure on their level of development.
Stage 1: High stationary – both, birth rate and death rate are very high. No or slight population growth
Stage 2: Early expanding – maintenance of high birth rates but a drop in death rates. – Population increases rapidly.
Stage 3: The late expanding – decline in death rate and birth rate – population continue to increase
Stage 4: The low stationary – birth rates continue to fall, and death rates stay low – stabilizing time for overall population
Stage 5: The decline stage – birth rate dropping below death rate. – declining population
What do you understand by the BabyBoom?
Baby boom was the increase in birth rate as population growth was encouraged.
What is culture?
Culture forms a part of our shared identity with others, is often dependent on time, place, and space, and can be expressed in many ways. Culture is a broad term that encompasses many aspects of the lives of individuals and societies. Culture is the artistic and social creation of human society.
How can culture be expressed?
WAYS WHICH CULTURE CAN BE EXPRESSED:
- Holidays and Celebration
- The Arts
- Traditional crafts and industries
- Food
- Architecture
- Clothing
Culture can also be expressed more subtly through the different attitudes and beliefs that people hold in different situations.
What is multiculturalism?
Multiculturalism is when different cultures or ethnic groups live in the same society and there is the promotion of inclusion and shared values. Societies have become multicultural through the process of migration. The opposite of multicultural societies is homogenous societies.
How do different organizations create their own culture?
Many organizations from schools and hospitals to private companies and global brands are said to have their own unique culture. Their form of organizational identity makes them different.
How does culture depend on time, place, and space?
Time, place, and space play an important role in shaping culture.
The time period in which individuals and societies live affects the types and forms of culture. Imagine how different the world was 500 years ago from the twenty-first century, and how this subsequently has led to different cultural identities.
Place and space are also important as the specific location that people live or lived in can influence their culture.
How can conflict threaten or destroy people and their culture?
The effects of discrimination, wars, terrorist attacks and genocides have all threatened and destroyed people and their cultures.
Do animals have culture?
Culture is a term that is usually only associated with human as animals don’t display these more complex behaviors. However, there are kinships and forms of creativity within certain species of animal so this can be debated.
Is it possible to define culture?
Culture is a broad term that encompasses many aspects of the lives of individuals and societies, and it is quite tricky to define.
Explain the term “Cultural Iceberg”
The ‘‘cultural iceberg’’ is an analogy that compares culture to an iceberg, in that both have a smaller visible section and a much larger invisible section.
List all the ways which culture can be expressed.
- Holidays and Celebration
- The Arts
- Traditional crafts and industries
- Food
- Architecture
- Clothing
