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Substance Abuse Exam 2 > Teratogens > Flashcards

Teratogens Flashcards

1
Q

When are you most sensitive to malformations during pregnancy?

A

18-60 days

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2
Q

Doses of drugs and teratogenic impact

A
  • the higher the dose, the higher the risk to the fetus

- some drugs have a threshold of theratogenicity

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3
Q

types of teratogenicity

A
  • alterations in fertility
  • gene mutations or chromosomal breaks in egg/sperm
  • pregnancy loss
  • birth defects
  • fetal growth retardation
  • alterations in intellect or behavior
  • carcinogenicity
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4
Q

confounding factors and teratogens

A
  • poor prenatal care
  • maternal nutrition
  • maternal illness
  • polytherapy
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5
Q

inheritance of addiction

A
  • biological reason poorly understood
  • many studies observed that it runs in family
  • may be addiction genes or related to depression, bipolar or ADHD
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6
Q

almost ____ % of american women are abstinent from alcohol

A

40

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7
Q

________ children are born with fetal alcohol syndrome in US each year.

A

4000

- completely preventable

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8
Q

who is at risk for fetal alcohol syndrome?

A
  • teens
  • indigent
  • women with mental health issues
  • certain ethnic groups
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9
Q

assessment for risk of drinking during pregnancy

A
  • laboratory tests like urine toxicology

- questionnaires

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10
Q

4 Ps and alcohol and pregnancy

A

4 yes/no questions asked during patient’s current pregnancy, in her past, in her partner and in her parents
- one positive answer is any question to considered an overall positive screen for a risk drinker

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11
Q

NET alcohol and pregnancy

A
  • do you consider yourself a normal drinker?
  • do you ever have an eye-opener?
  • how many drinks does it take to make you feel high?
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12
Q

Tobacco and increased risk during pregnancy

A
  • intrauterine growth retardation
  • prematurity
  • stillbirth
  • facial clefts
  • learning disorders
  • hyperactivity
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13
Q

Breastmilk and tobacco

A

amounts proportional to number of maternal cigarettes

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14
Q

What is postnatal exposure to tobacco associated with?

A

SIDS
asthma
ear infections

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15
Q

Smoking cessation not recommended in pregnancy

A
  • varencline

- nicotine vaccine

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16
Q

E-cigs

A
  • heated nicotine
  • may include pot
  • avoids exposure to carcinogens
  • varying evidence to pregnancy
17
Q

Alcohol and pregnancy

A
  • pregnancy loss

- fetal alcohol syndrome

18
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A
  • growth retardation
  • CNS dysfunction
  • characteristic facial features
  • malformations
19
Q

Binge drinking and pregnancy

A
  • may be as risky as daily use of moderate amounts
20
Q

breastmilk and alcohol

A

equal to maternal blood concentrations

- more than one drink a day may result in drowsiness, developmental delays

21
Q

Facial characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome

A
  • flat philtrum
  • thin upper lip
  • microcephaly
  • flat maxillary area
22
Q

Pot and pregnancy

A
  • minimal risk for birth defects
  • some subtle behavioral changes
  • chronic use in 3rd trimester may cause problems with newborn adaptation
  • extorted in breast milk
23
Q

cocaine and pregnancy

A
  • obstetrical complications
  • intrauterine growth
  • small risk for malformations
  • neonatal behavioral abnormalities disappear in first few months of life
  • SIDs
24
Q

cocaine and breastmilk

A
  • vomiting
  • tremulousness
  • irritability
  • seizures
25
Q

Meth and pregnancy

A
  • do not show significant risk for malformations
  • 3rd trimester: low birth weight, prematurity and withdrawal symptoms
  • longterm impact on cognition and behavior
26
Q

heroin and pregnancy

A
  • small risk for malformations
  • longer term behavior
  • IUGR
  • prematurity
  • fetal distress
  • perinatal mortality
  • SIDS
27
Q

Heroin and withdrawal in pregnancy

A

diarrhea, fever, convulsions, sleep abnormalities, respiratory distress

28
Q

heroin and breast milk

A

can cause addiction

29
Q

prescription narcotics and pregnancy

A

addicted newborns tripled between 2000 and 2009

  • risk for malformations low
  • neonatal abstinence syndrome big problem
30
Q

OUD pregnancy

A
  • 6x increase in OB complications

- maternal withdrawal during pregnancy presents risk to fetus

Substance Abuse Exam 2 (9 decks)

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