Teratogens

Question 1

Teratogens

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

Renal damage (renal dysgenesis, oligohydramnios)

Question 2

Teratogens

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 3

Teratogens

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

Ototoxicity

Question 4

Teratogens

Antiepileptic drugs

Answer 4

Neural tube defects, cardiac defects, cleft palate, skeletal abnormalities (eg. phalanx/nail hypoplasia, facial dysmorphism)

Question 5

Teratogens

Diethylstilbestrol

Answer 5

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

Teratogens

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

Neural tube defects

Question 7

Teratogens

Isotretinoin

Answer 7

Multiple birth defects (microcephaly, thymic hypoplasia, small ears, hydrocephalus)

Question 8

Teratogens

Lithium

Answer 8

Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of tricuspid valve), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism)

Question 9

Teratogens

Methimazole

Answer 9

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 10

Teratogens

Tetracyclines

Answer 10

Discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth

Question 11

Teratogens

Thalidomide

Answer 11

Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia - “flipper limbs”

Question 12

Teratogens

Warfarin

Answer 12

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities, nasal hypoplasia, stippled epiphysis

Question 13

Teratogens

Alcohol

Answer 13

Common cause of birth defects and intellectual disability; fetal alchohol syndrome

Question 14

Teratogens

Cocaine

Answer 14

Low birth weight, preterm birth, IUGR, placental abruption (cocaine → vasoconstriction)

Question 15

Teratogens

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

Answer 15

Low birth weight (leading cause in developed countries), preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, SIDS

(Nicotine → vasoconstriction; CO → impaired O2 delivery)

Question 16

Teratogens

Iodine (lack or excess)

Answer 16

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Question 17

Teratogens

Maternal diabetes

Answer 17

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, macrosomia

Question 18

Teratogens

Methylmercury

Answer 18

Neurotoxicity

Question 19

Teratogens

Vitamin A excess

Answer 19

Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac)

Question 20

Teratogens

X-rays

Answer 20

Microcephaly, intellectual disability