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ASC 410 > Tendons and Ligaments > Flashcards

Tendons and Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

Tendons connect ______ to ______

A

muscle to bone

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2
Q

Tendon function

A

facilitate movement, can provide some support/stabilization

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3
Q

How are tendons named:

A

for their location and primary function

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4
Q

Important tendons in the front and hind limbs:

A

-deep digital flexor
-superficial digital flexor
-digital extensor

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5
Q

Ligaments connect ______ to ______

A

bone to bone

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6
Q

Ligaments function

A

provide support and stabilization

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7
Q

Collateral ligaments

A

located on medial and lateral sides of joints, usually positioned vertically

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8
Q

Cruciate ligaments

A

usually located intro-articularly, form an “X” pattern

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9
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A

function to “suspend” a bone/bones or joints

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10
Q

Important ligaments in the front and rear limbs:

A

-suspensory ligament (interosseous)
-extensor branch
-sesamoidian ligaments (intersesamoidian and distal sesamoidian)

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11
Q

Ligaments in the rear leg

A

stifle: patellar ligaments
hock: plantar ligaments

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12
Q

Similarities between ligaments and tendons

A

-dense band of connective tissue (mostly collagen) organized in a parallel and overlapping fibers
-semi-elastic

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13
Q

Differences between ligaments and tensons

A

-function (some high motion tendons may have a sheath)
-blood supply

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14
Q

Do tendons or ligaments have a higher blood supply?

A

tendons - because they’re connected to muscle

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15
Q

Do tendons or ligaments heal better/faster?

A

tendons because they have a better blood supply

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16
Q

Tenocytes

A

-specialized fibroblasts
-main function is to produce collagen
-located in tendon fibers

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17
Q

Tendon fibers

A

-have tenocytes
-has crimp so they can expand/contract
-made out of collagen

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18
Q

Tendinities

A

inflammation of a tendon

19
Q

Desmitis

A

inflammation of a ligament

20
Q

Consequences of tendon or ligament injuries:

A

-bowed tendon
-dropped fetlock
-curb

21
Q

Curb

A

damage to the plantar ligament

22
Q

Bowed tendon

A

damage to either the deep or superficial digital flexor tendon

23
Q

Dropped fetlock

A

damage to the suspensory apparatus (sesamoidian ligaments, bones, etc.)

24
Q

Causes of fiber damage in tendons and ligaments:

A

-trauma/laceration
-acute overload
-repeated load and gradual degeneration

25
Q

Too much inflammation can…

A

cause more damage

26
Q

Response to injury to fibers

A

-hemorrhage
-clotting
-inflammatory response (heat, pain, swelling)

27
Q

Inflammatory cells…

A

bring more blood to the site

28
Q

What begins repair to an injury?

A

fibroblasts

29
Q

What do fibroblasts do?

A

synthesize collagen at injury site
(collagen is not organized and not attached to current fibers)

30
Q

About how long does it take for inflammation to decrease?

A

1-2 months

31
Q

When is pain reduced by?

A

about 2 months

32
Q

What happens at 2-6 months of healing?

A

-collagen organizes
-connects to old fibers
-mild exercise
-minimize adhesions

33
Q

What does mild exercise do during healing?

A

helps to stretch and align the fibers and minimize adhesions

34
Q

What happens at 6-9 months of healing?

A

-healing completes
-may or may not return to original strength
-may be less elastic than original

35
Q

Diagnosis of injury

A

-heat, pain, swelling
-ultrasound

36
Q

What to look for in an ultrasound of a tendon/ligament injury

A

-fiber alignment
-cross sectional area
-length

37
Q

Treatment of injury at the time of injury

A

Goal: limit further damage
-rest, support wraps
Goal: control inflammation
-cold hosing
-NSAIDS

38
Q

Medical/surgical/physical interventions for injury treatment:

A

-continue to control inflammation
-regenerative/biologic therapies
-rehabilitation and hoof care

39
Q

Regenerative/biologic therapies:

A

-platelet rich plasma (PRP)
-stem cells
-both have anti-inflammatory roles and may contribute growth factors to promote healing
-hand walking (if able)

40
Q

Rehabilitation and hoof care

A

-gradual exercise
-monitor healing with ultrasound
-hoof balance and shoeing is important

41
Q

Prognosis of an injury:

A

-depends on the extent of the injury
-depends on the horse’s job (may return to lower level of work/competition)
-may be sustainable to re-injury

42
Q

What takes the longest to heal?

A

ligaments

43
Q

What takes the shortest amount of time to heal?

A

bone

ASC 410 (22 decks)

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