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Head And Neck > Temporal Region > Flashcards

Temporal Region Flashcards

0
Q

What arteries are found in the infratemporal fossa?

A 
Maxillary (large branch of external carotid)
Middle Meningeal (branch of maxillary)
Superficial Temporal (smaller branch of external carotid)
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1
Q

What muscles are found in the infratemporal fossa

A

Inferior part of TEMPORALIS

Inferior part of MEDIAL and LATERAL PTERYGOID muscles

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2
Q

What veins are found in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Maxillary
Middle Meningeal
Pterygoid venous plexus

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3
Q

Which nerve and ganglion are found in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
Branches- auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, chorda tympani
Otic ganglion

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4
Q

What are the 5 openings of the infratemporal fossa?

A 
Foramen ovale (CN V3)
Foramen Spinosum (Middle Meningeal artery)
Alveolar canal
Inferior Orbital Fissure
Pterygomaxillary Fissure
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5
Q

Where is the anaesthetic injected in a mandibular nerve block?

A

Near the foramen ovale, where the mandibular nerve enters the infratemporal fossa

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6
Q

What branches of the mandibular nerve are affected in a mandibular nerve block?

A

Inferior Alveolar
Lingual
Buccal
Auriculotemporal

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7
Q

Where is anaesthetic injected in an inferior alveolar nerve block?

A

Around the mandibular foramen on the medial side of the mandible

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8
Q

What is anaesthetised in an inferior alveolar nerve block?

A 
Medial side of mandibular teeth
Skin and mucous membranes of lower lip
Labial alveolar mucosa
Gingivae 
Mental branch of inferior alveolar nerve
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9
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

A

Modified hinge type synovial joint

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10
Q

Which bones articulate in the temporomandibular joint?

A

Mandible

Cranium

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11
Q

What is the superior articulation of the temporomandibular joint?

A

Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone (posterior and concave)
Articular tubercle of the head of the mandible (anterior and convex)

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12
Q

What structure separates the articular cavities into inferior and superior?

A

The articular disc of the TMJ/ meniscus

Fibrocartilaginous

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13
Q

Which bone is ALWAYS displaced in movements of the TMJ?

A

Mandible

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14
Q

What movements result from the superior joint cavity?

A

Gliding

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15
Q

What movements result from displacement of the inferior joint cavity?

A

Hinge

16
Q

What muscles are involved in flexion/ elevation of the mouth?

A

Inferior compartment

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

17
Q

What muscles are involved in extension/depression of the mouth?

A

Inferior compartment
Prime mover is gravity
Lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid, infrahyoid

18
Q

What muscles are involved in protrusion of the jaw?

A

Superior compartment

Lateral Pterygoid, Medial Pterygoid, masseter

19
Q

What muscles are involved in retrusion of the jaw?

A

Superior compartment

Temporalis, Masseter

20
Q

What compartment does rotation/ pivoting occur in?

A

Inferior

21
Q

What happens in the opening of the TMJ?

A

The condyles are pulled forwards (protrusion- superior compartment, lateral pterygoid)
The chin moves down and back (depression- inferior compartment, Gravity and suprahyoid and infrahyoid against resistance)

22
Q

What happens in closing movements of the TMJ?

A

Retraction of the mandible (retrusion- superior compartment, posterior fibres of temporalis)
Elevation of the mandible (inferior compatment, temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid)

23
Q

What is the superior attachment of the TMJ capsule?

A

Circumference of the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle

24
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the TMJ capsule?

A

Neck of the condyle of the mandible

25
Q

Name the lateral ligament of the TMJ and give a brief description

A

Temporomandibular ligament
Strong
Deep fibres blend with joint capsule

26
Q

Name the 2 medial ligaments of the TMJ

A

Sphenomandibular

Stylomandibular

27
Q

When is the TMJ most stable and why?

A

When the jaw is closed
Mandibular condyle is in contact with the mandibular fossa
Teeth are in occlusal contact, perfect occlusion further stabilises the joint

28
Q

Why might the mouth remain depressed after a big yawn or bite?

A

Excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoids

Causes the heads of the mandible to dislocate anteriorly and pass anterior to the articular tubercles

29
Q

What is the most common cause of TMJ dislocation?

A

Sideways blow to the chin when the mouth is open

Dislocates on the side that received the blow

30
Q

What is bruxism?

A

Grinding teeth when asleep

31
Q

What are temporomandibular pain dysfunction disorders?

A

Muscular pain

32
Q

What are mal-occlusion syndromes?

A

Muscular pain

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