Temporal Region Flashcards
What arteries are found in the infratemporal fossa?
Maxillary (large branch of external carotid) Middle Meningeal (branch of maxillary) Superficial Temporal (smaller branch of external carotid)
What muscles are found in the infratemporal fossa
Inferior part of TEMPORALIS
Inferior part of MEDIAL and LATERAL PTERYGOID muscles
What veins are found in the infratemporal fossa?
Maxillary
Middle Meningeal
Pterygoid venous plexus
Which nerve and ganglion are found in the infratemporal fossa?
Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
Branches- auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, chorda tympani
Otic ganglion
What are the 5 openings of the infratemporal fossa?
Foramen ovale (CN V3) Foramen Spinosum (Middle Meningeal artery) Alveolar canal Inferior Orbital Fissure Pterygomaxillary Fissure
Where is the anaesthetic injected in a mandibular nerve block?
Near the foramen ovale, where the mandibular nerve enters the infratemporal fossa
What branches of the mandibular nerve are affected in a mandibular nerve block?
Inferior Alveolar
Lingual
Buccal
Auriculotemporal
Where is anaesthetic injected in an inferior alveolar nerve block?
Around the mandibular foramen on the medial side of the mandible
What is anaesthetised in an inferior alveolar nerve block?
Medial side of mandibular teeth Skin and mucous membranes of lower lip Labial alveolar mucosa Gingivae Mental branch of inferior alveolar nerve
What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?
Modified hinge type synovial joint
Which bones articulate in the temporomandibular joint?
Mandible
Cranium
What is the superior articulation of the temporomandibular joint?
Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone (posterior and concave)
Articular tubercle of the head of the mandible (anterior and convex)
What structure separates the articular cavities into inferior and superior?
The articular disc of the TMJ/ meniscus
Fibrocartilaginous
Which bone is ALWAYS displaced in movements of the TMJ?
Mandible
What movements result from the superior joint cavity?
Gliding
What movements result from displacement of the inferior joint cavity?
Hinge
What muscles are involved in flexion/ elevation of the mouth?
Inferior compartment
Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
What muscles are involved in extension/depression of the mouth?
Inferior compartment
Prime mover is gravity
Lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid, infrahyoid
What muscles are involved in protrusion of the jaw?
Superior compartment
Lateral Pterygoid, Medial Pterygoid, masseter
What muscles are involved in retrusion of the jaw?
Superior compartment
Temporalis, Masseter
What compartment does rotation/ pivoting occur in?
Inferior
What happens in the opening of the TMJ?
The condyles are pulled forwards (protrusion- superior compartment, lateral pterygoid)
The chin moves down and back (depression- inferior compartment, Gravity and suprahyoid and infrahyoid against resistance)
What happens in closing movements of the TMJ?
Retraction of the mandible (retrusion- superior compartment, posterior fibres of temporalis)
Elevation of the mandible (inferior compatment, temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid)
What is the superior attachment of the TMJ capsule?
Circumference of the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle
