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Head And Neck > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

0
Q

Name CN I and state its function

A

Olfactory

Sensory

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1
Q

Name the cranial nerves

A 
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor 
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear 
Glossopharyngeal 
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
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2
Q

Name CN II and state its function

A

Optic

Sensory

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3
Q

Name CN III and state its function

A

Oculomotor

Motor

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4
Q

Name CN IV and state its function

A

Trochlear

Motor

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5
Q

Name CN V and state its function

A

Trigeminal

Both sensory and motor

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6
Q

Name CN VI and state its function

A

Abducens

Motor

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7
Q

Name CN VII and state its function

A

Facial

Both motor and sensory

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8
Q

Name CN VIII and state its function

A

Vestibulocochlear

Sensory

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9
Q

Name CN IX and state its function

A

Glossopharyngeal

Both sensory and motor

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10
Q

Name CN X and state its function

A

Vagus

Both sensory and motor

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11
Q

Name CN XI and state its function

A

Accessory

Motor

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12
Q

Name CN XII and state its function

A

Hypoglossal

Motor

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13
Q

Where does CN I innervate?

A

Uppermost part of the nasal cavity

Reaches the nasal cavity via the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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14
Q

What would the consequences of a fracture of the cribiform plate be?

A

Anosmia

Rhinorrhea if it involved the dura mater (leakage of CSF from the nose)

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15
Q

How may optic nerve lessons occur and what are the consequences?

A

Direct trauma to the eye or orbit, fracture of the optic canal, pressure on optic pathway
Results in loss of pupillary constriction and visual field defects

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16
Q

What does CN III innervate?

A

Extraocular muscles
Ciliary muscles
Sphincter pupillae

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17
Q

How may lesions of CN III occur and what are the consequences?

A

Fractures involving the cavernous sinus or aneurysms

May result in dilated pupil, ptosis, eye turns inferolaterally, pupillary reflex on the side of the lesion is lost

18
Q

What does CN IV innervate?

A

Superior oblique of the eye

19
Q

How may lesions of CN IV occur and what are the consequences?

A

Stretching of the nerve around the brainstem or orbit fracture
May result in inability to look down when the eye is adducted

20
Q

What are the 3 divisions of CN V?

A

Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

21
Q

What does the Opthalmic division of CN V innervate?

A 
Sensory innervation of the skin and cornea
Corneal reflex (involuntary blinking due to stimulus eg bright light)
22
Q

What does the maxillary division of CN V innervate?

A

Sensory innervation of the skin, mucous membrane of the nose, palate and upper dental arcade

23
Q

What does the mandibular division of CN V innervate?

A

Sensory innervation of the skin, lower teeth, cheek and anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Motor innervation of the muscles of mastication

24
Q

What are the consequences of lesions of CN V?

A

Paralysis of muscles of mastication and sharp, intense facial pain

25
Q

What does CN VI innervate?

A

Motor innervation to the lateral rectus muscle

26
Q

How may lesions of CN VI occur and what are the consequences?

A

Fractures involving the cavernous sinus or orbit

Eye fails to move laterally. Diplopia on lateral gaze

27
Q

What does CN VII innervate?

A

Special sensory to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
General sensory to the external meatus and auricle

Motor to the muscles of facial expression
Parasympathetic secretomotor to submandibular and sublingual via chorda tympani
Parasympathetic to glands of nasal mucosa, para nasal sinuses, palate and lacrimal gland

28
Q

Give 3 possible causes of CN VII lesion

A

Laceration of contusion in the parotid region
Fracture of the Temporal Bone
Intracranial Haematoma

29
Q

What are the consequences of laceration or contusion of CN VII in the parotid region?

A

Paralysis of facial muscles, eye remains open, angle of the mouth droops
Bell’s palsy

30
Q

What are the consequences of CN VII laceration by fracture of the Temporal bone?

A

Bell’s Palsy

Loss of taste in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and dry cornea if it involves the cochlear nerve and chorda tympani

31
Q

What are the consequences of laceration of CN VII due to an intracranial haematoma?

A

Forehead wrinkles because of bilateral innervation of frontalis muscle
Paralysis of contralateral facial muscles

32
Q

What does CN VIII innervate?

A 
Special sensory (balance and hearing)
Vestibular apparatus and cochlear of the ear
33
Q

How may lesions of CN VIII occur and what are the consequences?

A

Skull fractures, ear infections, acoustic neuroma
Progressive unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo

Acoustic neuroma often impairs CN VII too

34
Q

What does CN IX innervate?

A

Sensory to:
General and special to posterior 1/3rd of tongue
Pharynx, oropharyngeal isthmus, dorsum of palate, auditory tube and related structures, mastoid antrum, mastoid air cells
Carotid body and sinus

Motor to:
Stylopharyngeus
Parasympathetic secretomotor to Parotid gland

35
Q

How may nerve lesions in CN IX occur and what are the consequences?

A

Deep lacerations of the neck

Loss of taste to posterior 1/3rd of tongue

36
Q

What does CN X innervate?

A 
Sensory to: lower pharynx and larynx, external auditory meatus and back of auricle
Special sensory (taste) to epiglottis

Motor to:
All muscles of the pharynx except Stylopharyngeus
All muscles of the airways, larynx, heart and GI tract
All palate muscles except tensor veli palatine

37
Q

What may result in nerve lesions in the neck affecting the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve and what are the consequences?

A

Hoarseness of voice due to paralysis of the vocal fold

Due to: bronchial or oesophageal carcinoma
Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes
Stretching over an aneurysm of the aortic arch
Compression of the left nerve against the aortic arch due to mitral stenosis causing an enlarged left atrium pushing up the left pulmonary artery and compressing the nerve

38
Q

How can the superior laryngeal branch of CN X be damaged?

A

Thyroidectomy because the external branch lies close to the superior thyroid artery and can be damaged when ligating the blood vessel

39
Q

What does CN XI innervate?

A

Motor to
Cranial compartment: pharynx, larynx and soft palate
Spinal compartment (C2-4): trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

40
Q

How can lesions of CN XI occur and what are the consequences?

A

Surgery or lacerations to the neck

May result in paralysis of sternocleidomastoid and superior fibres of trapezius, shoulder drop

41
Q

What does CN XII innervate?

A

Motor innervation to all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, except palatoglossus

42
Q

How can lesions of CN XII occur and what are the cutest consequences?

A

Neck laceration and basal skull fractures

Results in protruded tongue deviating toward the affected side

Head And Neck (8 decks)

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