temporal and infratemporal fossa

Question 1

temporal and infratemporal fossa

Answer 1

contiguous spaces on the lateral aspect of the head

Question 2

temporal fossa

Answer 2

shallow depression superior to the zygomatic arch
contains temporalis muscle and its lood and nerve supply and the zygomaticotemporal branch of the maxillary nerve (V2)
over parts of parietal, frontal, temporal, sphenoid bones
contains pterion

Question 3

features of mandible

Answer 3

has horizontally oriented body with alveolar sockets for teeth
vertically oriented ramus
angle in between
condyle on superior aspect of ramus - articulates with mandibular fossa
coronoid process anterior to condyle - insertion of temporalis muscle
separated by mandibular notch

Question 4

angle

Answer 4

between body and ramus of mandible

Question 5

condyle of mandible

Answer 5

on superior aspect of ramus and posterior

articulates to temporal bone via articular disc at mandibular fossa

Question 6

coronoid process of mandible

Answer 6

anterior to condyle

site of insertion for temporalis muscle

Question 7

mandibular foramen

Answer 7

inferior alveolar artery and nerve pass into mandible

on medial surface of mandible

Question 8

artery and nerve to mylohyoid

Answer 8

branch off of inferior alveolar artery and nerve just before those enter the mandibular foramen

Question 9

inferior alveolar artery and nerve

Answer 9

pass through mandibular foramen
innervate mandibular teeth
exit bone through mental foramen as mental artery and nerve

Question 10

mental artery and nerve

Answer 10

continuation of inferior alveolar artery and nerve

exit mandible through mental foramen

Question 11

lingula

Answer 11

medial to mandibular foramen

site of attachment of the sphenomandibular ligament

Question 12

masseter muscle

Answer 12

inserts on lateral surface of ramus of mandible and angle

Question 13

medial pterygoid muscle

Answer 13

inserts on medial surface of mandible inferior to the mandibular forame

Question 14

zygomatic arch

Answer 14

formed by articulation of the temporal process of zygoma with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Question 15

muscles of mastication (list)

Answer 15

temporalis
masseter
medial
lateral pterygoids

all innervated by motor branch of mandibular nerve (CN V3)

Question 16

movements of mandible (list)

Answer 16

elevation or closing the jaw: temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid
depression or opening of jaw: gravity mylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid
protrusion or anterior movement of the jaw: lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid
retraction or posterior movement of the jaw: posterior, horizontal fibers of temporalis (assisted by digastric and geniohyoid)

Question 17

pterygoids

Answer 17

move mandible in sliding and rotatory (grinding) manner from side-to-side - important in chewing
also help to elevate protrude jaw
innervated by CN V3 (motor branch of mandibular)

Question 18

elevation or closing the jaw

Answer 18

produced by temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid muscles

Question 19

depression or opening of the jaw

Answer 19

gravity, mylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid

Question 20

protrusion or anterior movement of the jaw

Answer 20

lateral pterygoid (assisted somewhat by medial pterygoid)

Question 21

retraction or posterior movement of the jaw

Answer 21

posterior, horizontal fibers of temporalis (assisted by digastric and geniohyoid)

Question 22

temporalis muscle

Answer 22

originates from floor of temporal fossa
passes medial to zygomatic arch
inserts on coronoid process of mandible
external surface covered by temporalis fascia (also originates from this)

Question 23

temporalis fascia

Answer 23

covers external surface of temporalis muscle
arises from superior temporal line and inserts on and supports zygomatic arch
resists inferior pulll of masseter muscle

Question 24

masseter muscle

Answer 24

originates on zygomatic arch

inserts on lateral aspect of ramus and angle of mandible

Question 25

parotid duct

Answer 25

pierces buccinator to drain into the oral cavity opposite the second maxillary molar tooth

Question 26

buccinator muscle

Answer 26

parotid duct pierces | innervated by CN VII

Question 27

sphenoid bone

Answer 27

keystone of skull articulates with 12 other bones superior orbital fissure lies between lesser and greater wings bilaterally symmetrical anterior surface of greater wing is in orbit posterior surface is in middle cranial fossa

Question 28

sella turcia

Answer 28

in sphenoid bone | pituitary gland contained in it

Question 29

nerve of the pterygoid canal

Answer 29

travels through fibrocartilage in foramen lacerum in anteromedial direction

Question 30

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Answer 30

contains fibrous articular disk where condyle of mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone if condyle moves anterior, mandible will dislocate synovial joint when mouth opens, mandible rotates like a hinge and slides anteriorly onto the articular tubercle - produces wider opening between upper and lower teeth

Question 31

lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid

Answer 31

where medial and lateral pterygoids originate from

Question 32

medial pterygoid

Answer 32

inserts on medial side of ramus and angle of the mandible inferior to the mandibular foramen

Question 33

lateral pterygoid

Answer 33

inserts onto the capsule and articular disc of the TMJ and the neck of the mandible (pterygoid fovea) if one lateral pterygoid is paralyzed, the contraction of the contralateral muscle will cause the jaw to protrude toward the side of the paralyzed muscle

Question 34

sphenomandibular ligament

Answer 34

runs from the spine of the sphenoid to the lingula on the mandibular ramus helps maintain the mandibular condyle in position and becomes fully taut when the jaw is half open

Question 35

stylomandibular ligament

Answer 35

insignificant thickening of the deep cervical fascia

Question 36

infratemporal fossa

Answer 36

``` extracranial area located inferior to the temporal fossa and zygomatic arch deep to ramus of mandible posterior to tuberosity of maxilla lateral to petrygoid plate anterior to styloid process superior border = infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid open inferiorly contains: two pterygoid muscles maxillary artery mandibular nerve (V#) chorda tympani nerve pterygoid venous plexus parasympathetic otic ganglion ```

Question 37

external carotid path

Answer 37

ascends posterior to the ramus of the mandible | distal portion runs through deep lobe of parotid gland and bifurcates into maxillary and superficial temporal arteries

Question 38

maxillary artery

Answer 38

one of two terminal branches of external carotid artery originates within deep lobe of parotid gland travels in anteromedial and slightly superior direction across the infratemporal fossa from lateral to medial passes through pterygomaxillary fissure into pterygopalatine fossa

Question 39

braches of maxillary artery

Answer 39

``` deep auricular anterior tympanic middle meningeal accessory meningeal inferior alveolar ```

Question 40

middle meningeal artery

Answer 40

passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve ascends to and through foramen spinosum enters cranial cavity main supplier of dura mater

Question 41

inferior alveolar artery

Answer 41

travels inferiorly to enter mandibular foramen branch of maxillary artery supplies mandibular teeth and soft tissues exist mandible through mental formen and becomes mental artery

Question 42

lesser branches of maxillary (first part)

Answer 42

deep auricular anterior tympanic accessory meningeal blood to external acousitic meatus, middle ear, and dura mater

Question 43

branches of second portion of maxillary artery

Answer 43

branches to muscles of temporal and infratemporal fossae | named for muscles supplied

Question 44

branches of mandibular nerve

Answer 44

enters infratemporal foassa through foramen ovale and innervates deeper structures of the face and oral cavity only branch of trigeminal nerve with somatic efferent motor components 4 to muscles of mastication and 4 other muscles plus 5 sensory branches: inferior alveolar lingual auriculotemporal meningeal buccal

Question 45

inferior alveolar nerve

Answer 45

branch of mandibular nerve enters mandibular foramen after giving off motor nerve to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric sensory to mandibular teeth as terminal mental nerve, sensory to lower lip and chin

Question 46

mental nerve

Answer 46

terminal branch of inferior alveolar nerve, branch of mandibular nerve sensory innervation to chin and lower lip

Question 47

lingual nerve

Answer 47

branch of mandibular nerve | general sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue and floor of mouth

Question 48

auriculotemporal nerve

Answer 48

branch of mandibular nerve travels besider parotid gland ascends next to superficial temporal artery to temporal region sensory to temporal skin, ear structures, TMJ and parotid gland also carries secretomotor parasympathetic postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion to the parotid

Question 49

meningeal nerve

Answer 49

travels with the middle meningeal artery through foramen spinosum sensory innervation to dura mater of middle cranial fossa branch of mandibular nerve

Question 50

buccal nerve

Answer 50

branch of mandibular nerve | sensory to skin, oral mucosa, and gingiva in cheek region

Question 51

motor branches of mandibular nerve

Answer 51

``` to 4 muscles of mastication plus: anterior belly of digastric mylohyoid tensor veli palatini tensor tympani ```

Question 52

chorda tympani

Answer 52

formed by preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from teh brainstem that travel with the facial nerve before branching from the facial nerve in the facial canal runs anteriorly through middle ear between malleus and incus enters infratemporal fossa by passing thorugh petrotympanic fissure goes with lingual nerve and synapses on submandibular ganglion

Question 53

submandibular ganglion

Answer 53

where chorda tympani synapses hangs off lingual nerve postganglionic secretomotor fibers from it travel to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands and minor microscopic salivary glands in inferior oral cavity

Question 54

geniculate gangion

Answer 54

of CN VII where taste fibers from anterior 2/3 of tongue have pseudo-unipolar nerve cell bodies afferent special sense taste fibers travel here from tongue to lingual nerve to chorda tympani to CN VII to brainstem

Question 55

tympanic nerve

Answer 55

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IV) inferior to jugular foramen enter middle ear and ascen on promontory in tympanic plexus exit as lesser petrosal eventually supply parasympathetic nerve supply to parotid gland

Question 56

lesser petrosal nerve

Answer 56

pregangionic prarsympathetic fibers from CN IX and tympanic nerve when tympanic nerve leaves tympanic plexus reneter cranial cavity travels down petrous ridge exists through foramen ovale synapses on otic ganglion part of parasympathetic nerve supply to parotid gland

Question 57

otic ganglion

Answer 57

wehre preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN IX/tympanic nerve/lesser petrosal nerve synapse send postganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers along auriculotemporal nerve to parotid gland on the medial side of mandibular nerve just inferior to foramen ovale and near origin of auriculotemporal nerve

Question 58

pterygoid venous plexus

Answer 58

receives some blood from opthalmic and facial veins drains the infratemporal fossa into maxillary vein maxillary vein joins superficial temporal vein to make retromandibular vein also has direct valveless drainage into cavernous sinus so infections can spread there and lead to sinus thrombosis