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HAE term 2 quiz 4 > head and neck embryology III > Flashcards

head and neck embryology III Flashcards

1
Q

what does surface ectoderm always give rise to?

A

epidermis

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2
Q

review of germ layers of pharyngeal arches

A

paired bars of mesenchyme
covered by surface ectoderm
contain core of ectomesenchyme derived from neural crest cells

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3
Q

pharyngeal pouches

A

areas of gut tube in pharyngeal portion that push out into the arches

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4
Q

pharyngeal clefts

A

grooves in between the arches

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5
Q

derivatives of 2nd pharyngeal pouch

A

epithelial lining of 2nd pharyngeal pouch proliferates into small buds
buds invade surrounding mesenchyme => primordia of palatine tonsils
tonsils invaded by lymphatic tissue later in development
part of pouch remains in adult as tonsillar fossa

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6
Q

derivatives of pharyngeal pouches (summary)

A

1: middle ear cavity, mastoid antrum, auditory tube
2: palatine tonsils, tonsillar fossa
3: inferior parathyroid, thymus
4: superior parathyroid

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7
Q

migration of inferior parathyroid

A

“hitch a ride” with thymus so end up below superior parathyroids

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8
Q

development of anterior tongue:

A

1: lateral lingual swellings and medial swelling (tuberculum impar) develop from floor of first pharyngeal arch
2: hypopharyngeal eminence (copula) develops from 3rd arch
3: lateral lingual swellings increase in size - overgrow tuberculum impar, merge with each other => anterior 2/3
4: hypopharyngeal eminence forms posterior part of tongue

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9
Q

arch derivatives (summary)

A

1st: anterior 2/3 of tongue, mucosa on body of tongue
2nd:
3rd: hypopharygeal eminence (copula), posterior part of tongue
4-6: epiglottis and extreme posterior part of tongue

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10
Q

development and innervation of mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

derived from 1st arch so sensory innervation by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

development and innervation of posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

from hypopharyngeal eminence from 3rd arch so sensory innervation from glossopharyngeal nerve

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12
Q

development and innervation of epiglottis and extreme posterior part of tongue

A

derived from 4-6th arch

sensory innervation from superior laryngeal nerve

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13
Q

development and innervation of intrinsic muscles of tongue

A

occipital somites migrate into developing pharyngeal floor

innervated by hypoglossal nerve

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14
Q

derivatives of primoridia that compose tongue

A

tubercum impar and lateral lingual swellings - from 1st arch - innervated by CN V3 - derive mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue
from 2nd arch - CN VII (chorda tympani) - taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue

hypopharyngeal eminence - from 3rd and 4th arches - CN IX and CN X - make mucosa and taste of posterior 1/3 of tongue

occipital somites - CN XII - all intrinsic tongue muscles, all extrinsic except for palatoglossus

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15
Q

development of the thyroid gland

A

1: appears as diverticulum of foregut at foramen cecum
2: descends anterior to gut tube, hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages to assume final position

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16
Q

development of nasal cavities

A

1: at 6th week, nasal placode invaginates to make nasal pit
2: oronasal membrane separates pits from primitive oral cavity
3: oronasal membrane ruptures, forming primitive choanae
4: when secondary palate formed, definitive choanae are at junction of nasal cavity and pharynx
5: paranasal sinuses develop as diverticula of lateral nasal wall - extend into maxilla, ethmoid, frontal, and sphenoid bones
6: reach maximum size during puberty - contribute to definitive shape of face

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17
Q

development of primary palate

A

from intermaxillary segment of frontonasal prominence

forms most anterior triangle of hard palate

18
Q

development of secondary palate

A

develops from lateral palatine processes
initially vertically placed on either side of tongue
as tongue moves down in oral cavity palatal shelves swing up and fuse in midline with each other and also with primary palate

19
Q

1st cleft derivative

A

external auditory meatus

20
Q

2nd through 4th cleft derivatives

A

temporary cervical sinuses => obliterated when 2nd arch mesenchyme proliferates

21
Q

cartilage derivatives of first arch

A

Meckel cartilage
Mandible
Malleus and incus
spheno-Mandibular ligament

22
Q

muscle derivatives of first arch

A

Muscles of Mastication

  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • lateral and medial pterygoids

Myohyoid

anterior belly of digastric

tensor tympani

tensor veli palatini

23
Q

nerve derivatives of first arch

A

CN V2 and V3 (chew)

24
Q

Treacher-Collins syndrome

A

1st arch neural crest fails to migrate => mandibular hypoplasia and facial abnormalities

25
Q

cartilage derivatives of second arch

A

Reichert cartilage:

  • Stapes
  • Styloid
  • lesser horn or hyoid
  • stylohyoid ligament
26
Q

muscle derivatives of second arch

A

Muscles of facial expression:

  • Stapedius
  • Stylohyoid
  • platysma
  • posterior belly of digastric
27
Q

nerve to second arch

A

CN VII (facial expression)

28
Q

Congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula

A

persistence of cleft and pouch (2nd?) => fistula between tonsillar area and lateral neck

29
Q

cartilage derivatives of third arch

A

greater horn of hyoid

30
Q

muscle derivatives of third arch

A

stylopharyngeus

31
Q

nerves to third arch derivatives

A

CN IX (stylopharyngeus) swallowing

32
Q

cartilage derivatives of 4th-6th arches

A 
thryoid
cricoid
arytenoids
corniculate
cuneiform
33
Q

muscle derivatives of fourth arch

A

most pharyngeal constrictors
cricothyroid
levator veli palatini

34
Q

muscle derivatives of sixth arch

A

all intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid

35
Q

nerve supply to fourth arch

A

CN X (superior laryngeal branch) - simply swallow

36
Q

nerve supply to sixth arch

A

CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch) - speak

37
Q

derivatives of first pouch

A

middle ear cavity
eustachian tube
mastoid air cells

contributes to endoderm lined structures of ear

38
Q

derivatives of third pouch

A

dorsal wings develop into inferior parathyroids
ventral wings develop into thymus

end up below fourth pouch

39
Q

fourth pouch derivatives

A

dorsal wings develop into superior parathyroids

40
Q

MEN 2A association with pouches

A

parathyroid tumor from 3rd/4th pouches

parafollicular cells that cause medullary thyroid cancer are from neural crest cells associated with 4th/5th pouches

41
Q

cleft lip

A

failure of fusion of maxillary and medial nasal processes (formation of primary palate)

42
Q

cleft palate

A

failure of fusion of two lateral palatine processes or failure of fusion of lateral palatine processes with the nasal septum and or median palatine process (formation of secondary palate)

HAE term 2 quiz 4 (6 decks)

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