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HAE term 2 quiz 4 > larynx > Flashcards

larynx Flashcards

1
Q

functions of larynx

A

1: regulate passage of materials through the airway (acts like valve)
2: for voice production

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2
Q

what are the components of the laryngeal skeleton?

A 
nine cartilages (3 paired, 3 unpaired)
joined by membranes and ligaments
hyoid bone not part of larynx, but has supportive role for some of the ligaments
includes:
epiglottis
thyroid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
tracheal rings
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3
Q

embryological origin of larynx

A

cartilages and intrinsic muscles derived from mesenchyme of 4th and 6th arches
mucous membrane from endoderm
overall, larynx derived from respiratory diverticulum

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4
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

large, V-shaped cartilage
surrounds anterior part of larynx
suspended from inferior border of hyoid bone via thyrohoid membrane
laminae meet in anterior midline as laryngeal prominence (adam’s apple)

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5
Q

laryngeal prominence

A

where laminae of thyroid cartilage meet in midline

makes adam’s apple

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6
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

only complete ring of cartilage that surrounds the airway
narrow anteriorly and wide posteriorly
articulates with inferior horns of thyroid cartilage

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7
Q

epiglottis

A

leaf-shaped cartilage attached to body of hyoid bone and internal surface of thyroid cartilage
forms anterior border of laryngeal inlet
moves inferiorly during swallowing to cover laryngeal inlet

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8
Q

arytenoid cartilage

A

two small cartilages that resemble pair of boots
resting on upper border of cricoid cartilage
have vocal process that projects anteriorly - vocal ligament attaches here
muscular process projects laterally
highly mobile - can slide, rotate and tilt on superoir surface of cricoid
affects position of vocal ligaments

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9
Q

aryepiglottic folds

A

round bulges contain pairs of supportive cartilages = corniculate and cuneiform
corinculate more medial - rests on top of arytenoid cartilage

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10
Q

thyrohyoid membrane

A

wide membrane that connects upper margin of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone
small hole on each side that transmits superior laryngeal vessels and internal laryngeal nerve

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11
Q

quadrangular membrane

A

extends from epiglottis to arytenoid cartilage
forms aryepiglottic fold and lateral wall of entrance to larynx
lower free boarder = vestibular ligament

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12
Q

aryepiglottic fold

A

formed by quadrangular membrane

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13
Q

vestibular ligament

A

false vocal cord
formed from lower free border of quadrangular membrane
within vestibular fold

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14
Q

vestibular fold

A

vestibular ligament plus mucous membrane covering it

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15
Q

conus elasticus/cricothyroid ligament

A

connects superior surface of cricoid cartilage to the vocal process of arytenoid cartilage and internal midline of the thyroid cartilage
superior free end is thickened, forms true vocal ligament

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16
Q

vocal ligament

A

formed by thickened superior free end of conus elasticus

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17
Q

median cricothyroid ligament

A

mid-portion of conus elasticus

incised during a cricothyrotomy

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18
Q

hyoepiglottic ligament

A

anchors epiglottis to hyoid bone

19
Q

thyroepiglottic ligament

A

anchors epiglottis to thyroid cartilage

20
Q

interior of larynx

A

covered by mucous membrane derived from endoderm

most ciliated pseudostratified columnar

21
Q

laryngeal inlet

A

opening into the larynx from laryngopharynx

boundaries = epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds laterally, interarytenoid notch posteriorly

22
Q

vocal folds

A

contain true vocal ligament covered by mucous membrane plus vocalis muscles

23
Q

ventricles

A

lateral recesses between the vestibular folds and vocal folds
each has saccule

24
Q

saccule

A

anterior projection from ventricle

contains mucous glands that lubricate vocal folds

25
Q

vestibule

A

area between inlet and vestibular folds

26
Q

glottis

A

space between vocal cords

27
Q

infraglottic cavity

A

space inferior to the vocal cords and superior to the trachea

28
Q

sensory innervation to interior of larynx

A

to area superior to vocal folds: internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
to vocal folds and area inferior to the vocal folds: recurrent laryngeal nerve

29
Q

position of vocal cords during different states?

A

during quiet respiration: vocal cords partially abducted (glottis open)
during forced inspiration: complete adduction of vocal cords (glottis opens fully)
phonation: adducted - sound produced when air from lungs forced up through folds
effort closure and swallowing: closure of glottis, laryngeal inlet narrows

30
Q

extrinsic muscles of larynx

A

muscles that move larynx as a whole
usually by moving hyoid bone
elevate: suprahyoid: geniohyoid; mylohoid; digastrics; stylohyoid
depress: infrahyoid: sternohyoid; omohyoid; sternothyroid; thyrohyoid

31
Q

intrinsic muscles of larynx

A 
act of specific part of larynx
alter length or tension of vocal folds of change size or shape of glottis
derived from 4th-6th arches
- cricothyroid
- thyroarytenoid
- vocalis
- posterior cricoarytenoid
- lateral cricoarytenoid
- transverse arytenoid
- oblique arytenoid
all innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid (external branch of superior laryngeal nerve)
32
Q

cricothyroid

A

extends between cricoid and thyroid cartilages
pulls anterior part of thyroid cartilage inferiorly, stretching the vocal folds and increasing tension on them
innervated by external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (vagus)
only intrinsic muscle of larynx not innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

33
Q

thyroarytenoid

A

from internal aspect of thyroid cartilage
inserts on lateral border of arytenoid cartilage
sphincter of vestibule
innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

34
Q

vocalis

A

between arytenoid cartilage and internal aspect of thyroid cartilage
medial portion attaches to vocal ligament
adjusts tension of vocal fold
innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

35
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid

A

from posterior surface of cricoid cartilage
passes upward and laterally
inserts on muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve
action opposes that of lateral cricoarytenoid
pulls muscular process of arytenoid toward midline
causes vocal process of arytenoid to move laterally => vocal ligaments move apart => abduction of vocal fold
innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

36
Q

lateral cricoarytenoid

A

from superior surfface of cricoid cartilage
passes up and backward
inserts on muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve
action opposes that of posterior cricoarytenoid
pulls muscular process of arytenoid cartilage laterally => vocal processes move medially => adduction of vocal fold

37
Q

transverse arytenoid

A

extends between the two arytenoid cartilages
fibers oriented in transverse fashion
moves arytenoid cartilages closer together => closing posterior portion of glottis
innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

38
Q

oblique arytenoid

A

muscle fibers extend from one arytenoid to the other, but fibers oriented in oblique fashion
some continue upward in aryepiglottic fold = aryepiglottic muscle
act as sphincters => reduce size of laryngeal inlet
innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

39
Q

aryepiglottic muscle

A

upward extension of fibers from oblique arytenoid
acts as sphincter => reduces size of inlet
innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

40
Q

course of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thorax

A

enters thorax and loops around aortic arch

if patient presents with hoarse voice, must consider pathology of thorax

41
Q

blood supply to larynx

A

from superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

branches of superior and inferior thyroid arteries

42
Q

superior laryngeal artery

A

branch of superior thyroid artery from ECA
travels through hole in thyrohyoid membrane with internal laryngeal nerve
blood supply to larynx

43
Q

inferior laryngeal artery

A

branch of inferior thyroid artery = branch of thyrocervical trunk
ascends along trachea with recurrent laryngeal nerve
enters larynx at inferior border of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

HAE term 2 quiz 4 (6 decks)

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