Temp And State Changes Flashcards
Properties of particles in a solid
Or in a regular arrangement, vibrate about a fixed position and sit very closely together
Properties of particles in a gas
Are randomly arranged, move quickly in all directions and are far apart
Properties of particles in a liquid
They are randomly arranged, they move around each other and sit close together
A solid material can go straight to being a gas without first becoming a liquid when heated. What is this called?
Sublimation
What do you call the movement of a gass of liquid?
Condensing
Why is boiling an active process?
People actively apply energy to a liquid to turn it into a gas using a heater such as a kettle
Why is evaperation a passive process?
The liquid slowly absorbs energy from the surrounding area so that particles gain enough energy to escape the liquid
Why doesn’t the total mass change when changing state?
Because the number of particles doesn’t change
What is the internal energy?
Total amount of kinetic energy and chemical potential energy of all the particles in system
What happens to the particles if energy is given to raise the temperature?
Particles speed up and gain kinetic energy
What happens to potential energy if a substance melts or boils?
The energy is put into breaking the bond which increases the potential energy
What is temperature?
Measure of the average speed of the particles
What is specific heat capacity?
The heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C
What is specific heat capacity measured in?
Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius
What three things does the change in temperature of a system depend on?
The mass of the material, the substance of the material and the amount of energy put into the system
What happens if a substance has a low specific heat capacity?
It will warm up and cool down quickly
What are the equations for change in thermal energy?
Mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change or change in thermal energy= mass x specific latent heat
The energy required for a particular change in temperature is given by what?
Specific heat capacity
The energy required for a particular change in state is given by what?
Specific Latent heat
What is specific latent heat?
The amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a material without changing its temperature
What is latent heat of fusion ?
The amount of energy needed to melt or freeze the material at its melting point
What is latent heat of vaporisation?
The amount of energy needed to boil or condense the material at its boiling point
When measuring specific latent heat on a graph what does it mean if the line is horizontal?
These are the places where the energy is not being used to increase the speed of particles being used to break the bonds between to change state
