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MDSA02 Part II > Television > Flashcards

Television Flashcards

1
Q

Frederick Winslow Taylor

scientific management; the theory of management that analyzed and synthesize workflows
• Main objective was improving economic efficiency

A

Taylorization

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2
Q

1936 comedy film written and directed by Charlie Chaplin
• Remediated silent movies when sound already emerged
• What is the relationship between technology, media, and human possibility?

A

Modern Times

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3
Q

Examination of Modern Times by Chaplin

A

Take note of the title “modern”:
• Associated with the notion of time (opening scene with ticking clock)
• Herd of sheep fade to workers
o Equates the sheep with workers all under the clock of time
• All communication is through media/sound (big boss on the screen)
o Humans are dependent on technology; maybe even foolish to do so bc it break down (i.e. the feeding machine)
o Disconnecting
o Surveillance (the boss in the bathroom)
• Chaplin goes through the machinery, the gears
o We become part of the machine
• 1% boss in the beginning reading a comic book
• We become it!
o Trained to be machine-like → Insanity
• So trained by TIME that we become SHEEP
• Economics/Efficiency which drives Innovation
• The use of humour
• critique of Taylorization

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4
Q

Modern Times Remediated in Lucy – Candy Scene

A

What does this example of remediation reveal about the nature of television?
• Both convey:
o Dehumanization
o Taylorization
o Humour
• Quantity over quality
• We can’t keep up to what technology is doing to us
• Function of Television:
o Critique in 1930s to being sold by the television to be consumers

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5
Q

Example of taylorization

A

i.e. Powerpoint as a point of taylorization
• closing down possibilities rather than opening them
• university system is dehumanizing us
• students are paying more

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6
Q
  • To entertain
  • To disseminate news and information
  • To market products *
A

Three Primary Roles of TV

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7
Q

Escape
Social comparison
Satisfaction of keeping up with what is taking place in the world; to gain cultural capital

A

Reasons why people watch tv

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8
Q

Television competes successfully for time with other activities because

A

Undemanding nature and convenience of access

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9
Q
  • Book called Keywords and gives their history

* Television (1974)

A

Raymond Williams

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10
Q

Williams critiqued McLuhan’s technological determinism

• Suggests that consideration of intentions is the way out of the technological determinism trap

A

Technological Determinism

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11
Q
  • Invention of tv was not a single event or series of event
  • There is no way the tv is creating a new society or new social conditions

i.e. European Inventions: Development of Television

A

Social History of Television as Technology

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12
Q

objectives and consequent technologies to meet those objectives operate within an already existing system
• This dictates to some extent the development of technology
Examples of this:
• expansion of tv was rapid c the patterns already est in radio business
• basic structures of national networks and local stations in place
• wide appeal of entertainment
• commercial advertising
• government licensing and regulation established

A

Social History of the Uses of Television Technology

Operational communication

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13
Q

Technology of specific messages to specific persons (telegraphy) vs sending varied messages to general public

A

Point-to-Point VS Broadcasting

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14
Q
  • Radio and tv as “mass communication”
  • Characterizes many people as “the mass”
  • Means of cultural power
A

The Concept of Mass Audience

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15
Q
  • Statistical thinking
  • Audience measurement
  • New science of sociology

i.e. Neilson boxes monitoring what and when you watch to gather stats

A

Requirements of Mass Audience

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16
Q
  • Obsolete – no such thing as mass audience
  • Simplistic –issues of taste and class, “taste segments” might be more accurate
  • Self-serving – study of audiences works further; mass audience is a commodity
  • Social character of the audience –
A

Criticisms of Mass Audience Concept

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17
Q

Criticisms of Mass Audience Concept

A

Audience Profile

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18
Q

• Your demographics are being sold

A

In television, the audience is the product

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19
Q

of having to do with television, especially the visual aspect of television program or broadcast

A

televisual

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20
Q

• Immediacy

• Transparency – concept of televisual news, particularly within the newsroom, is that is offers “a window on the world” (Walter Cronkite and that’s the way it is); Fiske and “The Transparency Fallacy” it is not transparency
o Examples: news/political coverage which raises issues about television’s complicity in the events portrayed

  • Flow – defining feature of broadcasting is planned flows (Raymond Williams)
  • Hybridity – tv is a “super-text”
A

What makes tv tv?

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21
Q
  • The Nuclear Family

* Utopian promise of increased social life and dystopian outcome of social seclusion

A

Audience Behaviour

The Honeymooners “TV or not TV”

Making room for TV

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22
Q

Marshall McLuhan: The Medium is the Message 1977

A

• MEDIUM is more important (i.e. print)
• Content is not important
• i.e. where the content is more important/just as important as the medium: The Bible
• the message is absolutely vital in some cases
• a search for identity through “violence” (disruptive)
o i.e. little girl saying she wants to be bionic woman (a media product)

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23
Q

Videodrome
• We are colonized by our devices
• Social manipulation and mind control
• About losing our bodies; putting devices into himself
• We take media forms (Prof Oblivion; we have different names; how we present ourselves on media such as our email addresses)
• “Tv is reality and reality is less than tv”
• How much of an emotional relationship are we building with the media form?

A

David Cronenberg

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24
Q

What is the message of TV? →

A

The Televisual

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25
Q

flow; something only the tv can do

A

Televisual

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26
Q

What is the message of movies? →

A

The Cinematic

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27
Q

What is the message of gaming? →

A

The Ludology

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28
Q

the larger category of gaming

A

Ludology

• What makes a video game a video game?
• The academic study of videogames
• Deriving techniques from literary and film theory
• GTA and EverQuest as cultural artefacts
*look at narratology and ludology slideshow

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29
Q

anything related to the narrative = study of the narrative
• Stories
• Russian fairytales
• What is consistent across a genre
• Unspecific to one story
• In televisual and cinematic realm – argued that it works in different ways

A

Narratology

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30
Q

Three major historical developments in tv’s early years helped shape it

A

technological innovations and patent wars

wrestling control of content away from advertisers

sociocultural impact of infamous quiz show scandals

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31
Q

based on radio waves

A

analog standard

32
Q

until 2009, analog signals were replaced by

A

digital signals

33
Q

digital signals offer highest resolution and sharpest image

A

HDTV

34
Q

features segments - news, talk, comedy, and music - similar to content found in a general interest or news magazine of the day

A

magazine program

35
Q

hours bt 8 and 11 pm where networks traditionally draw their largest audiences and charge their highest advertising rates

A

prime time

36
Q

1950s to 1970s when networks gained control over TVs content

A

network era

37
Q

first small cable systems; originated where mountains or tall buildings blocked TV signals

A

CATV (community antenna television)

38
Q

providing of specialized programming for diverse and fragmented groups; provided access to certain target audiences that cannot be guaranteed in braodcasting

A

narrow casting

39
Q

includes 100+ channel lineup composed of local broadcast signals, access channels (local government, education, general public use), regional PBS stations, and a variety of cable channels, such as ESPN, CNN, MTV, USA, Bravo, Nickelodeon, Disney, Comedy Central, BET

A

basic cable system

40
Q

independent TV stations uplinked to a satelittle

A

superstations

41
Q

wide range of special channels besides basic programming which lure customers with the promise of no advertising

A

premium channels

42
Q

first

offering recently released movies or special one-time sporting events to subscribers who paid designated charge to cable company, allowing them to view th eprogram

A

Pay-per-view (PPV)

43
Q

service that enables customers to choose among hundreds of titles and watch their selection whenever they want in the same way as video; pausing and forwarding if desired

A

video-on-demand

44
Q

transmits its signal directly to small satellite dishes near or on customers’ homes

A

direct broadcast satellite (DBS)

45
Q

began during VCR era; occurs when viewers record shows and watch them at a later, more convenient time

A

time shifting

46
Q

computer screens are the third major way we view content; online viewing experiences

A

third screens

47
Q

prior to day so f videotape, was through a technique called _____

a film camera recorded live TV show off a studio monitor; quality was poor, and most series that were saved in this way have not survived

A

kinescope

48
Q

shot comedy skits’ resurrected essentials of stage variety entertainments and played to noisy studio audience

A

sketch comedy

49
Q

features recurring cast, each episode establishes narrative situation, complicates it, develops increasing confusion among its characters and then usually resolves the complications

A

situation comedy or sitcom

50
Q

characters and setting more important than complicated predicaments; personal problems or family crisis

i.e. Modern Family

A

domestic comedy

51
Q

brought live dramatic theatre to tv audience; influenced by stage plays, teleplays (scripts written for tv)

served the more elite and wealthy

A

anthology dramas

52
Q

first used in radio in 1929

main characters continue from week to week, sets and locals remain the same

two general types:
chapter shows and serial programs

A

episodic series (abandoning anthologies)

53
Q

self-contained stories with recurring set of main characters who confront a problem, face, conflict, and find a resolution

often function as window into the hopes and fears of American pysche

i.e. The Big Band Theory, Star Trek, CSI

A

chapter shows

54
Q

open-ended episodic shows

story lines continue from episode to episode

cheaper to produce than chapter shows

i.e. daytime soap operas

A

serial programs

55
Q

stations that contract with a network to carry its programs

A

affiliate stations

56
Q

reduced the networks’ control of prime-time programming from four to three hours

A

Prime Time Access Rule (PTAR)

57
Q

constituted the most damaging attack against the network TV monopoly in FCC history

A

fin-syn

58
Q

required all cable operators to assign channels to and carry all local TV broadcasts on their systems

ensured that local network affiliates, independent stations, and pulbic tv channels would benefit from cable’s clearer reception

A

must-carry rules

59
Q

required cable systems to provide and fund a tier of nonbroadcast channels dedicated to local education, government, and the public

A

access channels

60
Q

citizens could buy time on these channels and produce their own programs or present controversial views

A

leased channels

61
Q

electronic publishers

A

fill in

62
Q

services that do not get involved in content

A

common carriers

63
Q

bringing cable fully under the federal rules that had long governed the telephone, radio, and TV industries

A

Telecommunications Act of 1996

64
Q

programs are funded through _____

production company leases the show to a network or cable channel for license fee that is actually lower than the cost of production; the company hopes to recoup this loss later in lucrative rerun syndication

A

deficit financing

65
Q

pay broadcast networks to carry network channels and programming

A

retransmission fees

66
Q

network-owned-and-operated stations

A

O & Os

67
Q

leasing TV stations or cable networks the exclusive right to air tv shows

critical component of the distribution process

A

syndication

68
Q

popular old network reruns such as I Love Lucy

A

evergreens

69
Q

programming immediately before evening’s primetime schedule (early ____) and following the local evening news or network late-night talk show (late ___)

A

fringe time

70
Q

commonly called reruns; older programs that no longer run during network prime time

A

off-network syndication

71
Q

any program specifically produced for sale into syndication markets

producers of these programs usually sell them directly to local markets around the country and the world

A

first-run syndication

72
Q

distributors retain some time to sell national commercial sports in successful syndicated shows

A

cash-plus

73
Q

new, untested, or older less popular programs

A

barter deals

74
Q

statistical estimate expressed as percentage of households that are tuned to a program in the market being samples

A

rating

75
Q

statistical estimate of percentage of homes that are tuned to a specific program compared to those using their sets at the time of the sample

A

share

76
Q

corporations like Comcast and Time Warner Cable that own many cable systems

A

multiple-system operators (MSOs)

77
Q

the industry’s major players

A

multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs)

MDSA02 Part II (5 decks)

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