Moving Images Flashcards
Primitive, basic animation
moving images
Magic Lantern in 17th century - projected images painted on glass plates using oil lamp as light source
Zoetrope - cylindrical device that rapidly twirled images inside a cylinder; appearing to make the images move
Praxinoscope (1877 by Reynaud)
• Eliminates slot to look trhough and inserts a mirror
Vitascope
• hype and media advances
• enabled filmstrips of longer lengths to be projected without interruption
• potential of movies as a future mass medium
• boxing match → people at the time were amazed at how realistic it was
o people had an emotional response – AFFECT
• when it was new, it was really exciting
History of moving images examples!
the representation of an object (a thing, an idea, or any communicatory act) whereby the object is structured and presented by some intervening medium
mediation
i.e. drugs = media
• experience a mediated experience
• mediates mind between what is normal vs what you perceive when you’re on drugs
“Fred Ott’s Sneeze” (Edison Studios, 1894)
• motion picture
• why is this important?
o Media helps us see this in new ways
peephole viewer at top of cabinet; lead to cylinder phonograph
Kinetoscope
• Does the racehorse raise 4 feet off the ground or 2?
o Took photographs to find out
• He determined that the horse kept 4 feet off the ground simultaneously
• His studies also looked at people
• Allowed people to see themselves in ways they haven’t seen themselves before
• People doing realistic things
Eadweard Muybridge
- Split between reality and fantasy
* Breaks out of the reality box and film for entertainment w/ a longer narrative form
Georges Melies
“A Trip to the Moon” (1902)
• static to our eyes bc of the movie camera back then
“Life of an American Fireman” (1903)
• imaginary insert of what the fireman is thinking about at the time
• where the split (realistic/fantasy) happens
Examples by Melies
“The Great Train Robbery” (1903)
• written, produced, and directed by Porter
• *first film to use editing to establish relationships; camera moves with the action
• splice two pieces of film together
• more visual possibilities
Porter
moving images → cinema
• rise of Hollywood system and Hollywood narrative
• we are the children of this narrative so we don’t even realize
D.W. Griffith
Here is where media started for the people of that time
Experience • Lacking: o Sound o Speed = slow o Editing (very advanced in 1911)
“Lonedale Operator” directed by Griffith
to re-mediate
• The form of old media becomes content in new media
• How is the telegraph remediated in The Lonedale Operator?
o Telegraph = content → story about the telegraph; plot
o Place A: Her telegraph → Place B: another operator
• Jump cut conveys how the telegraph collapses time and space
• Jump cut makes no sense without the telegraph
• became content in the way film works
“Birth of the Nation” directed by Griffith
• empty room merges with the people in the room
• this film is considered racist
• encapsulation of what happens when we go into that realistic mode
Remediation
is the perfection or erasure of the gap bt signifier and signified, such that a representation ois perceived to be the thing itself; consequence f naïve verbal realism
• The symbol is perceived to be a window to the real
• To make the viewer forget that the medium is even there
Immediacy
predominant style of editing in narrative cinema
• Shots are edited together to complement each other
• To smooth over the inherent discontinuity of the editing process and to establish a logical coherence between shots
Continuity Editing
French for “build/assemble”
Montage
i.e. where immediacy gives vigor picture of something that is real even though it is highly manufactured (paradox of film)
Odessa Steps
Remediation of Odessa Steps where the baby lives instead of dying
is a style of visual representation whose goal is to make the audience aware of the medium
Hypermediacy
examples of ______
Man with the Movie Camera directed by Vertov
• Trying to break out of narrative entirely
• Where the audience is aware of the camera
Hypermediacy
• Form becomes content in new media • “Citizen Kane” o visual nature of photo coming to life o move from reality to photograph to front page of newspaper • Low angle shots
Orson Welles
• Cinema is essentially emotion, it is pieces of film journal
Hitchcock
- How editing works
* Expression does not matter; it is the context
Hitchcock Loves Bikins
Hannibal Goodwin improved Eastman’s roll film by using thin strips of transparent pliable material known as ______ that could hold a coating of chemi-cals sensitive to light
solved a major problem: It enabled a strip of film to move through a camera and be photographed in rapid succession, producing a series of pictures.
celluloid
Edison and assistant Dickson created the early movie camera called the ____ with its single-person viewing system, the ___
kinetograph; kinetoscope
Edison patented several intentions and manufactured a new large-screen system which enabled filmstrips of longer lengths to be projected without interruption and hinted at the potential of movies as a future mass medium
vitascope
movies that tell stories as opposed to static films (i.e. waves breaking beaches)
narrative films
form of movie theater whose name combines admission price with the Greek word for “theater”
nickelodeons
aim to dominate movie business at all three essential levels - production, distribution, exhibition
vertical integration
a situation in which few firms control the bulk of business
oligopoly
firmly controlled creative talent in the industry by 1920s
studio system
Zukor led the fight for independent film companies looking for other distribution strategies aside from the Trust
block dstribution
full-time single-screen movie theaters that provided a more hospitable moviegoing environment.
movie palace
built in convenient places near urban mass transit stations to attract the business of urban and suburban middle class
mid-city movie theaters
multiple screens lure middle-class crowed to interstate highway crossroads
multiplexes
early 1900s now became a few powerful studios: _____ and _____
Big Five (Paramount, MGM, Warner Bros, Twentieth Century Fox and RKO)
didn’t own theaters: Little Three (Columbia, Universal, United Artists)
The Birth of a Nation (1915) was the first ____ (more than an hour long film)
feature-length film
blockbuster
FILL IN
FILL IN
talkies
FILL IN
newsreels
a category in which conventions regarding similar characters, scenes, structures, and themes recur in combination
genre
grouping films by category was the industry’s way of accomplishing two economic goals:
product standardization and product diffrentiation
recorded daily life in various communities around the world
travelogues
Moana (1925) a study of the lush South Pacific islands inspired the term
a creative treatment of actuality
documentary
French term for truth film
in late 1950s and early 1960s with development of portable camera
record fragments of everyday life more unobtrusively
cinema verite
independently produced films
indies
Hollywood Ten hearings
FILMM IN
forcing studios to gradually divest themselves on their theaters
Paramount decision
facilities with fourteen or more screens
megaplexes
current Hollywood commercial film business is ruled primarily by _____ companies
The BIG SIX (Warner Bros, Paramount, Twentieth Century Fox, Universal, Columbia Pictures, and Disney)
the promotion and sale of a product throughout the various subsidiaries of media conglomerate
companies promoting new movie along with its book form, soundtrack, calendars, shirts, web sties, toys, etc.
synergy
shift from celluloid film; cheaper film and cameras
capture additional footage without high concern of cost of film stock and processins
digital video
described cultural products that become popular and provide shared cultural experiences
consensus narratives
