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Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

Homodont

A

One type of tooth (many non-mammals)

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2
Q

Heterodont

A

different types of teeth (many mammals)

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3
Q

T/F: molars are only found in adults

A

True

Baby animals do not have molars

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4
Q

T/F: both baby and adult animals may have premolars

A

True

Both babies and adults have premolars

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5
Q

Which bones are mammal teeth found in?

A
  • Incisive bones
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
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6
Q

Diphyodont

A

has baby and adult teeth

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7
Q

Hypsodont

A

high crowns e.g. horses

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8
Q

Brachydont

A

low crowns (relative to the overall tooth) e.g. dogs

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9
Q

Role of incisors

A
  • Nibbling
  • Grooming
  • Cutting
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10
Q

Role of canines

A
  • Grasping
  • Fighting/defence
  • Stabbing
  • Toxin injections (some shrews/voles)
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11
Q

Roles of premolars and molars

A
  • Crushing
  • Shearing
  • Gripping
  • Grinding
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12
Q

Diastema

A

Gap between incisors and cheek teeth; typically found in herbivores

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13
Q

Describe jaw action in carnivores

A
  • Move jaw sideways to engage teeth
    • Pterygoideus muscles
    • The muscles to move jaw sideways don’t need to be strong because the food is put in the right place before biting down
  • Close jaw to shear/crush
    • Masseter and temporalis musles
    • These muscles need to be very strong
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14
Q

Describe jaw action in omnivores

A

Combined crush/grind action

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15
Q

Describe jaw action in herbivores

A
  • Opposite to carnivores:
  • Jaw is closed first around herbage (masseter)
  • Then jaw is moved sideways whilst being held closed
  • This allows the grinding of plant material to break down cells
  • Pterygoideus muscles are large as they are working under load, equalled by masseter muscles
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16
Q

Lophodont

A

Structure of teeth in odd-toed herbivores

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17
Q

Selenodont

A

Structure of teeth in even-toed herbivores

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18
Q

Describe secodont arrangement of teeth

A
  • e.g. carnivores
  • Staggered teeth good for gripping hard and soft round objects
  • Carnassial teeth overlap as the jaw closes to create cutting/scissor action
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19
Q

Where is enamel in herbivore teeth?

A
  • Enamel is inside the tooth, covered by cement.
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20
Q

1

A

Crown: visible (supragingival) region of the tooth. Consists of smooth, hard enamel and hard dentine.

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21
Q

2

A

Enamel

  • Hardest known biological substance outside of limpets
  • Acellular once formed so cannot be repaired if damaged
  • Mostly made of hydroxyapetite
  • Dissolves in acid e.g. coca cola
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22
Q

Dentine

A

living tissue within the pulp cavity. Contains odontoblasts with processes in dentinal tubules.

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23
Q

Primary dentine

A

most of dentine, formed as the tooth grows.

Mineralised collagen

24
Q

Secondary dentine

A

Grows slowly

Formed after tooth eruption

Makes the pulp cavity smaller

25
Q

Tertiary dentine

A

formed in reaction to damage

Has a irregular structure that helps it fill damage

26
Q

What substances overlie dentine?

A

Enamel and cement.

27
Q

Labial

A

Lateral/cheek side

28
Q

Lingual

A

medial side of mandibular teeth

29
Q

Palatal

A

Medial side of maxillary teeth

30
Q

Mesial

A

Rostral side

31
Q

Distal

A

Caudal side

32
Q

Occlusal

A

meeting surface of teeth

33
Q

Cusps

A

raised parts of the occlusal surface

34
Q

Grooves

A

indented parts of the occlusal surface

35
Q

Apical

A

towards the tooth root

36
Q

Coronal

A

towards the tip of the crown of the tooth.

37
Q

Periodontium and its role

A
  • Role is to attach, support and protect the tooth and jaw
38
Q

Gingiva and its role

A
  • Squamous epithelium forming a dense fibrous layer closely bound to the periosteum
  • Reflects on the CEJ to form the gingival sulchus (risky pocket that needs to be kept clear)
    • This is the site where gingivitis starts
39
Q

What is cementum a.k.a. cement?

A
  • Similar to bone, peripheral to dentine or enamel
  • Provides site of attachment for periodontal fibres
  • Completely covers herbivores
40
Q

Difference between cement in carnivores and herbivores

A
  • In carnivores, cement does not cover enamel
  • In herbivores, cement grows with the tooth (as they continuously erupt) as it left on the outside, overlying the enamel
41
Q

What gets worn away slowest on herbivores teeth (dentine, cement or enamel)?

A
  • Dentine and cement get worn away quicker than enamel
  • This leaves enamel ridges on the teeth which are good for grinding
42
Q

Periodontal ligament

A

series of angled collagen fibres that support the tooth, act like a shock absorber and spreads the load into the whole socket.

43
Q

What does the tooth root consist of?

A

Consists of

  • Cementum
  • Dentine
  • Root canal
  • Apex-apical delta

Teeth can be single/multi-rooted.

44
Q

Describe the structure of a carnivore’s tooth root

A

Dentine root covered by enamel

Compare to herbivores, who have enamel all the way down to the bottom

45
Q

Types of tooth root

A
  • Closed: the root apex has closed off
    • The tooth erupts slowly and continuously (horses, cattles) or erupts to a set height (dog)
  • Open: the root apex is open, so the tooth continually grows and erupts e.g. rodent incisors

Remember that growth and eruption are different things.

46
Q

Describe carnivores’ tooth eruption

A

Once teeth have finished growing, they erupt to a certain height and stop.

47
Q

Describe horses’ tooth eruption

A
  • Once teeth have finished growing, they erupt to a certain height and stop.
48
Q

1

A

Wolf tooth

49
Q

2

50
Q

3

A

First incisors

51
Q

4

A

Second incisors

52
Q

5

A

Third incisors

53
Q

6

54
Q

7

A

Second premolars

55
Q

8

A

Fourth premolars

56
Q

9

A

First molars

57
Q

10

A

Third molars

GI (16 decks)

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