Tectonics Case Studies Flashcards
Tohoku -2011
How may miles east was the epicentre
43
Tokohu
How tall was the tsunami
133ft
Tokohu
How many people were dead, injured and missing
15,800 6,000 2,500
Tokohu
What was the cost of the damage
$235 billion
Tohoku
How is magnitude measured
Richter scale
Primary and secondary waves
Logarithmic
Tokohu
What classifies the intensity
Mercal like - amount of damage
local conditions such as secondary hazards
Tokohu
How can vulnerability be classified
Physical- where they love Economic- lost jobs Social - disadvantaged groups Knowledge - education and training Environment- population growth into risky areas
Tokohu
What determines capacity to cope
Governance and strategies/ organisation
Empowerment of individuals after
Grills faith govt and media
Kashmir
Why is it’s location bad
One of the most remote regions in the world so it’s difficult to reach in difficult circumstances
Kashmir
What is the relief of the land
Mountainous
Kashmir
When did the earthquake occur
Saturday morning
Normal school day
During Ramadan
Winter
Kashmir
How did the time of the event make the situation worse
School day so children and citizens were killed
Ramadan so people were sleeping
Winter made conditions more dangerous
Kashmir
What was the immediate aid
Immediate relief from the pakistani govt
Helicopters flew banks , put up tents, basic provisions and medical supplies
No maps
Islamic burial practices
Kashmir
What was the long term aid
Volunteers from America Bureaucracy Govt was slow Mishandled aid $5.4bn from US Underestimate of the long term impact of earthquake Dhajji Dewari buildings
Kashmir
What were the barriers to aid
Unseasonal torrential rain Fresh landslides Corruption Afghan war 3.5 million people displaces Long term RUM Mainly subsistence farming and over 90% of livestock were killed
Christchurch
What was the magnitude of the earthquake in 2010
7.1
Christchurch
What was the magnitude of e earthquake in 2011
6.3
Christchurch
How many people were killed and how
185 from collapsing buildings
Christchurch
What a a significant secondary impact of the earthquake
Liquefaction leading to significant infrastructure
Christchurch
What was the cost of damage
$12bn
Christchurch
How did Christchurch cope on the park model
Park model Pre -disaster Relief Rehabilitation Reconstruction
Depends on the nature of the damage- liquefaction
How quick was the event - how did they cope £50 flights out of the area
Government relations with other countries - good
Economic damage - very high- reconstruction may take longer
Insurance $46K
Complexity over liabilities
New technologies - magnesium oxide cardboard cathedrals
Speed of research
Manilla
Where is it situated
Ring of fire
Manilla
Type of plate boundary
2 major destructive margins joined by conservative margin
Manilla
How many volcanoes does it have
37
18 are active
Manilla
How many destructive earthquakes were recorded
12 in the last 40years
Manilla - hydro-meteorological context
What is the climate like
Tropical monsoon climate
Winds blow SW then NE
Manilla - hydro-meteorological context
What typhoon belt does it lie within
South east Asia
Manilla hydro-meteorological context
How many typhoons on average hit the country
20
Manilla hydro-meteorological context
What are they at high risk of
Storm surges Floods Landslides Wildfires from El Niño Rainfall from La Niña
Manilla
Development
Large population of lower middle income 1.72% a year
Rapid urbanisation = informal settlements
25% live in poverty
50% of rural population live in poverty and agriculture
High levels of deforestation
Manilla 1991 earthquake
847 died
73,000 homes damaged because of wet ash
Rainfall mixed with volcanic ash to create Lahars
$211 million in losses
Manilla 2006
Rainfall mixed with ash deposits and debris to create mudflows and Lahars
Buried farms and villagers
Killed 1,250 people
