Tectonics Case Studies

Question 1

Tohoku -2011

How may miles east was the epicentre

Answer 1

43

Question 2

Tokohu

How tall was the tsunami

Answer 2

133ft

Question 3

Tokohu

How many people were dead, injured and missing

Answer 3

15,800 6,000 2,500

Question 4

Tokohu

What was the cost of the damage

Answer 4

$235 billion

Question 5

Tohoku

How is magnitude measured

Answer 5

Richter scale
Primary and secondary waves
Logarithmic

Question 6

Tokohu

What classifies the intensity

Answer 6

Mercal like - amount of damage

local conditions such as secondary hazards

Question 7

Tokohu

How can vulnerability be classified

Answer 7

Physical- where they love 
Economic- lost jobs 
Social - disadvantaged groups 
Knowledge - education and training 
Environment- population growth into risky areas

Question 8

Tokohu

What determines capacity to cope

Answer 8

Governance and strategies/ organisation
Empowerment of individuals after
Grills faith govt and media

Question 9

Kashmir

Why is it’s location bad

Answer 9

One of the most remote regions in the world so it’s difficult to reach in difficult circumstances

Question 10

Kashmir

What is the relief of the land

Answer 10

Mountainous

Question 11

Kashmir

When did the earthquake occur

Answer 11

Saturday morning
Normal school day
During Ramadan
Winter

Question 12

Kashmir

How did the time of the event make the situation worse

Answer 12

School day so children and citizens were killed
Ramadan so people were sleeping
Winter made conditions more dangerous

Question 13

Kashmir

What was the immediate aid

Answer 13

Immediate relief from the pakistani govt
Helicopters flew banks , put up tents, basic provisions and medical supplies
No maps
Islamic burial practices

Question 14

Kashmir

What was the long term aid

Answer 14

Volunteers from America
Bureaucracy 
Govt was slow 
Mishandled aid $5.4bn from US
Underestimate of the long term impact of earthquake 
Dhajji Dewari buildings

Question 15

Kashmir

What were the barriers to aid

Answer 15

Unseasonal torrential rain 
Fresh landslides
Corruption 
Afghan war
3.5 million people displaces 
Long term RUM
Mainly subsistence farming and over 90% of livestock were killed

Question 16

Christchurch

What was the magnitude of the earthquake in 2010

Answer 16

7.1

Question 17

Christchurch

What was the magnitude of e earthquake in 2011

Answer 17

6.3

Question 18

Christchurch

How many people were killed and how

Answer 18

185 from collapsing buildings

Question 19

Christchurch

What a a significant secondary impact of the earthquake

Answer 19

Liquefaction leading to significant infrastructure

Question 20

Christchurch

What was the cost of damage

Answer 20

$12bn

Question 21

Christchurch

How did Christchurch cope on the park model

Answer 21

Park model 
Pre -disaster
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction 

Depends on the nature of the damage- liquefaction
How quick was the event - how did they cope £50 flights out of the area
Government relations with other countries - good
Economic damage - very high- reconstruction may take longer
Insurance $46K
Complexity over liabilities
New technologies - magnesium oxide cardboard cathedrals
Speed of research

Question 22

Manilla

Where is it situated

Answer 22

Ring of fire

Question 23

Manilla

Type of plate boundary

Answer 23

2 major destructive margins joined by conservative margin

Question 24

Manilla

How many volcanoes does it have

Answer 24

37

18 are active

Question 25

Manilla

How many destructive earthquakes were recorded

Answer 25

12 in the last 40years

Question 26

Manilla - hydro-meteorological context

What is the climate like

Answer 26

Tropical monsoon climate

Winds blow SW then NE

Question 27

Manilla - hydro-meteorological context

What typhoon belt does it lie within

Answer 27

South east Asia

Question 28

Manilla hydro-meteorological context

How many typhoons on average hit the country

Answer 28

20

Question 29

Manilla hydro-meteorological context

What are they at high risk of

Answer 29

Storm surges
Floods
Landslides
Wildfires from El Niño
Rainfall from La Niña

Question 30

Manilla

Development

Answer 30

Large population of lower middle income 1.72% a year
Rapid urbanisation = informal settlements
25% live in poverty
50% of rural population live in poverty and agriculture
High levels of deforestation

Question 31

Manilla 1991 earthquake

Answer 31

847 died
73,000 homes damaged because of wet ash
Rainfall mixed with volcanic ash to create Lahars
$211 million in losses

Question 32

Manilla 2006

Answer 32

Rainfall mixed with ash deposits and debris to create mudflows and Lahars
Buried farms and villagers
Killed 1,250 people