Tectonics Case Studies Flashcards
Root causes of vulnerability in Haiti 2010 earthquake
- Haiti heavily in debt to US, Germany and French banks- money spent on paying back instead of improving infrastructure
- extensive corruption in the government
- 80% of population under poverty line
- 30-40% of budget from foreign aid
What were some dynamic pressures which made Haiti more vulnerable to disaster
Lack of :
- urban plannning
- disaster preparedness and management
- effective education systems
Macro forces:
- rapid urbanisation
- High population density
- significant deforestation and soil degradation
What was the population density in Port au Prince in 2010
306 people per square km
How much was 80% of Haiti’s population earning per day
Less than $2 per day
Before the earthquake- what % of Haitians had access to safe water and sanitation?
Safe water - 39%
Sanitation - 24%
What was the magnitude of the Haiti 2010 earthquake
7.0
What was the Haiti gdp per capita in 2010
$1300
How many deaths and missing persons did the Haitian government estimate?
316000
How many deaths and missing persons did the UN estimate?
220000-250000
What was the initial economic cost of the haitan earthquake
US$14bn
How deep was the epicentre of Haiti 2010
13km
how many caught or died of cholera in Hati 2010
9000 died
700,000 caught
why was there a cholera outbreak in Haiti
upstream aid workers using river to defecate wile downstream temp camps ere using river as drinking water
above average temperatures exacerbated
how many people died in chile 2010?
550
what was chiles gdp in 2010
$12,640
what was the magnitude of the second 2011 Japanese earthquake
9.0
how many were left dead and missing due to the earthquake and tsunami in Japan 2011?
15,749 dead
2962 missing
what % of deaths in Japan 2011 were aged 60 and over
63%
what was particularly bad about the 2011 Japan earthquake?
tsunami created
tsunami hit Fukushima nuclear power plant, causing radioactive releases
contaminated water from plant leaked into pacific ocean and fishing grounds
How did the 2011 tsunami affect perception of nuclear power?
Loss of acceptability of nuclear power
Rising costs
Germany and Italy shit down reactors
Additional safely measures required when building plants so more expensive
How was price of natural gas effected
Increased as increased demand from Japan
Impacted Asian market as rate of consumption quickly increased
When did E15 erupt
March 2010
how long had E15 not erupted for
190 years
How many air journeys were cancelled in Europe
100000
Worst disruption since 9/11
Why were flights so disrupted?
Ash plume reached Europe, predating as far as northern Italy
How many deaths were caused by e15
Zero
Relatively small eruption with no direct deaths
What were the main impacts of e15
Imports and exports greatly affected by air travel shut down
How much did airfreight account for of UKs trade
0.5 % of trade by weight
25% by value
How much is estimated that African countries lost due to airspace shut down
US$65million
Why was car manufacture disrupted and give an example
Airfreight supplied key components which can’t be supplied from elsewhere
Nissan plant in Japan stopped production of some models due to lack of a part from Ireland
What happened to perishable goods in E15
Delays in transportation meant huge loss of goods as perishables rotted
Losses for producers of flowers, veg, and fruit
How many islands are in the Philippines
7107
What is the Pilipino population
101 million
What is the gdp of the Philippines
US$7000
What % of the worlds earthquakes of richter scale magnitude of 6 or over does Japan experience
20%
What were the magnitude of the two earthquakes hitting Japan?
Initial quake: 7.2
Triggered quake:9.0
What was a second earthquake triggered in Japan in 2011
First 7.2 quake put strain on area of existing pressure buildup
led to stretch of plate breaking free and surging under Japan
Broken plate met Eurasian plate surging 2.4m eastward
Led to earthquake of 9.0
How quickly did the tohoku tsunami reach Japan from epicentre
10 mins
How tall did the tohoku tsunami reach and why
Up to 40 m
Shallow waters created friction which slowed wave
Water held back and traffic jam develops, causing wave to build up higher and higher
How far inland did the water from the tohoku tsunami flow
10km
Why was aid limited in Sendai after the tohoku tsunami hit
Sendai airport rendered unusable within minutes of tsunami hitting
Foreign aid completely cut off
Why was search and rescue to difficult Japan 2011
Hard to find those who needed rescuing due to :
Teleconnections cut off
Mobile phone masts broken
Electricity cut
Only way out through collapsed buildings through roof
How many people were living in evacuation facilities 10 days after tohoku tsunami
450000
What health issues spread during Japan tsunami aftermath
Bronchitis and pneumonia
Hypothermia
Colitis and diarrhoea
Flu
Vomiting
How many were killed in Japan 2011
16000
How many people were evacuated from Fukushima due to nuclear danger
200,000
