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EQ1 Health + Human Rights Flashcards

1
Q

what is development traditionally measured in

A

economic data:
- growth in total GDP
- growth in gdp per capita
- shift from traditional industries (farming) to manufacturing and serviice sector

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2
Q

what is a HIC

A

high income country
OEDC and G8
France, Germany, UK, USA

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3
Q

what does OECD stand for

A

the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

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4
Q

OPEC nations

A

oil and petroleum exporting countries
Saudi, Oman

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5
Q

NICs/ Asian tigers

A

Newly Industrialised Countries
Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea

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6
Q

FCCs

A

Former Communist Countries
Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine

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7
Q

BRICS/ RICs

A

Recenty industrialised countries
Brazil, Russia, India, China, (South Africa)

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8
Q

NEEs (MINTS)

A

Newly Emerging Economies
Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Türkiye, (South Africa)

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9
Q

LEDC

A

Less Economically Developed
Bangladesh

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10
Q

LICs

A

Low Income Country
Gambia, Rwanda, DRC, Chad

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11
Q

what might human development measure

A

well being, quality of life and contentment

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12
Q

what is the development cable

A

a holistic approach to development, looking at economic, human, environmental, political and socio-economic factors
factors around an economic centre

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13
Q

where is the highest life expectancy and what is it?

A

Japan- 84

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14
Q

where is the lowest life expectancy and what is it?

A

Sierra Leone- 46

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15
Q

What impacts does poor health have on development?

A
  • childhood disease can lead to shunting and poor cognitive development - affecting education
  • HIV/AIDS and malaria reduce capacity to work and earning capacity
  • family members spend time taking care of ill relatives instead of working
  • medical costs use up income instead of food , education and housing
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16
Q

What is life expectancy in Nigeria and why

A

62
11% population infected by malaria
Poor healthcare- privatised so only richest can afford good quality healthcare - disparity within

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17
Q

What is life expectancy in Ethiopia and why

A

Nearly 67
High levels of undernourishment - increases risk of scurvy and rickets, increased risk of infections disease
Some areas have Low access to water and sanitation - cholera and dysentery

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18
Q

What is cubas life expectancy and why

A

78 (matches USA)
Heavy investment in healthcare, water supply and sanitation

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19
Q

what is a welfare system?

A
  • free education from 4/5-16/18
  • free health services
  • benefits such as basic income, housing and social services for those in need
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20
Q

what is sharia law

A

a system of religious laws that govern the lives of Muslims
changes from country to country
based on the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the Hadith

21
Q

Nigerian maternal mortality rate

A

917 per 10000 births

22
Q

Nigerian infant mortality rate

A

62 per 1000 births

23
Q

Ethiopia maternal and infant mortality rate

A

Infant - 37 per 1000 births
Maternal - 401 per 100000 births

24
Q

What factors influence LE in HICs

A

Lifestyle
Medical care systems
Deprivation
Diet

25
How does lifestyle influence LE
inactive lifestyle combined with poor diet leads to obesity : 36% in USA, 31% UAE Alcoholism problems in Russia Diabetes and heart disease from poor quality lifestyle
26
How do medical care systems affect life expectancy
UK free healthcare through NHS- 82 USA private health care, most people have expensive insurance policy, many can’t afford - 77 Russia and Bulgaria have much less developed medical care so lower LE - 72
27
Example of deprivation affecting LE
Bulgaria- LE 74 40% in poverty Despite being part of the EU
28
What factors cause variation of LE within a country
Ethnicity Poverty and deprivation Socio economic group Healthcare access Government policy and intervention
29
What % if Aussie population are aboriginal
3%
30
What is aboriginal life expectancy in Australia
10.6 years younger than non indigenous - 69
31
Why is aboriginal life expectancy so much lower than white Australian
- poor housing - dispossession of traditional lands - low education level - high unemployment - hidden ethnic discrimination - misrepresented by white politicians who won’t address issues - substance and alcohol abuse - heavy smoking
32
Life expectancy of Glasgow ?
65-73
33
What is national avg life expectancy in the uk (male and female)
male -79.5 Female- 82
34
Why do post industrial areas have lower life expectancy
Low employment rates Low income so cycle of deprivation Higher smoking and alcohol consumption
35
How does diet in low income groups have an impact on life expectancy
Poor diets with cheap high fat fast food less expensive than fresh fruit, veg and protein Combination of poor lifestyle can lead to high risk of heart disease, cancer and liver and kidney failure
36
what are the potential positive aspects of sharia law
- ethical guidelines aimed at promoting justice, fairness and community cohesion - emphasis on charity and support can promote social welfare
37
what are the potentially negative aspects of sharia law
- interpretations can lead to discrimination against women - regarding inheritance, marriage and personal freedoms - can include harsh punishments - difficult to adapt to modern societal changes
38
what is social progress
the idea that societies ca improve over time in economic, human and environmental terms gov plays key role in this
39
what is SPI based on
Social progress index 1. basic human needs (nutrition, medical care, sanitation) 2. foundations of wellbeing (education, internet, life expectance) 3. opportunity (personal rights, political freedom, gender equality)
40
how do democratic countries social progress vary to authoritarian regimes?
democratic spend large sums in relation to income per capita on health and education authoritarian provide less for their people so have low SPI scores
41
what are concerns around IGOs
1. benefits TNCs more than ordinary people 2. creates inequalities 3. focuses on industrialisation, trade and jobs in cities 4. focus on profit and economic growth at expense of environment
42
what were the MDGs?
millennium development goals global response to lack of development progress in South Asia and Africa
43
what are some examples of MDGs
- halve proportion of people living on less than $1.25 per day - halve proportion of people suffering from hunger - have all children complete primary education - eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education - reduce maternal and infant mortality
44
how can success from the MDGs be criqued?
china account for majority of success east Asia ad Latin America made more progress than other developing nations gender inequality not improved, set back in some countries 800 mil still in extreme poverty
45
what are the SDGs?
replaced MDGs for 2015-2030 17 goals which apply to all countries not just developing
46
what is the focus of the SDGs
sustainable development: - clean energy - decent work and wage - sustainable cities - protecting oceans ad ecosystems
47
examples of SDGs
- no poverty or hunger - good health and wellbeing - quality education - gender equality - climate action - life on land and under the sea
48
how has covid 19 affected the SDGs
rich countries focused on own health crisis funding for overseas development cut developing nations the last to receive vaccines stalling of progress on hunger, human rights and gender equality

Geography (33 decks)

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