Globalisation EQ2

Question 1

What is global shift

Answer 1

Manufacturing and industrial activity has shifted from different parts of the world
1960s- Europe and USA
present caged in East ( china and India) due to large unskilled workforce and cheaper production costs for TNCs

Question 2

Benefits of outsourcing

Answer 2

• workers receive middle class wages so disposable income increases
• businesses see more customers due to positive multiplier effect
• increased profits for TNC ceos

Question 3

Cons of outsourcing

Answer 3

• Workers exploited with long shifts and lower pay than MEDC workers
• employees demotivated by repetitive nature of work
• inequality increasing as poorest still can’t access outsourced jobs

Question 4

Why are sweatshops moving from china

Answer 4

Previously accelerated chinas globalised status
Cheaper labour in Bangladesh and Vietnam
Has Bad reputation
New technological outsourcing moved to china

Question 5

Benefits of outsourcing manufacturing to china

Answer 5

• new production methods brought by TNCs adopted by local companies
• locals less dependent on subsidence farming and now earn a wage

Question 6

Cons of outsourcing manufacturing to china

Answer 6

• Many employees exploited with dangerous working conditions, chemical contact and long hours
• high environmental degradation
• rivers and waterways polluted with arsenic , lead and dangerous chemicals
• air polluted with high levels of particulate matter
• rise in pollution related welted fatalities

Question 7

What was deindustrialisation

Answer 7

1970s
Many factors workers lost their jobs as TNs relocated and outsourced manufacturing to the east

Question 8

Example cities which experienced impacts of deindustrialization

Answer 8

Detroit
Glasgow

Question 9

What were the impacts of deindustrialisation

Answer 9

Dereliction and contamination - buildings previously occupied by factories abandoned, chemical and industrial waste infiltrated soil and waterways
Increased unemployment - depopulation and deprivation of inner city areas
Increased crime rate

Question 10

What are some urban pull factors in rural-urban migration?

Answer 10

• employment opportunities- large businesses and TNCs provide high range of jobs with higher wages
• services - better access to services as distance needed to travel is reduced, likely to be more specialised services available (healthcare, education, embassies)
• infrastructure - transport more reliable and faster, increased links, better internet and broadband connections, street lights make it safer to go out at night

Question 11

Rural push factors

Answer 11

• poverty - only decreased farming earnings and seasonal tourist work available
• conflict (Sudan, darfur) - scarcity of resources, lack of safety
• land reform - TNCs claim land owned by locals, common in indigenous communities with less voice against TNCs
• agricultural modernisation- advancement of agricultural machinery so less people required on farm causing unemployment
• climate and natural disasters - crop failure, fatalities, destroyed houses, infrastructure

Question 12

Challenges faced by growing cities

Answer 12

• Strain on services
• overcrowding and development of slums
• rising crime rates
• poor sanitation due to open sewers
• lack of green space
• congestion leads to pollution