Tectonics: 1.7 + 1.17 - Losing Out/Whose Fault Flashcards
Using science and technology…
We can modify events so that they are less hazardous
Land use zoning (modify event)
Keeping residential and commercial zones away from volcanoes
Easier with shield volcanoes (lava flow is less explosive and easier to predict)
Difficult to move agricultural zones because there limited areas with god soil fertility
Hazard resistant design (modify event)
Strengthening buildings through crossbracing
Can make EQ proof buildings by building them on flexible pads, the base vibrates while the structure remains steady
Engineering defences (modify event)
Tsunamis: sea walls and mangroves to absorb wave energy
Volcanoes: drain crater lakes to prevent lahars
EQs: strengthen buildings
Diversion of lava flows (modify event)
Spray sea-water to solidify lava and create basalt rock to diverge lava flow
Remote sensing (modify vulnerability)
Prediction and warning systems
Volcano: monitor gas emissions
EQ: Monitor fault line strain using tilt meters to measure ground deformation
Modifying the loss
Providing aid to poorer people
Providing insurance
Modifying vulnerability
Prediction and warning
Community preparedness
Education to prevent hazards becoming disasters
Modifying the cause
Environmental control
Hazard prevention
(Only works for small-scale hazards, e.g landslides)
Modifying the event
Land use zoning
Hazard resistant design
Engineering defences
Diversion of lava flows
Increasingly technological modifications
Increasingly technological
Modifying: loss -> vulnerability -> event -> cause (of event)
Education + community preparedness (modify vulnerability)
$3.3 million spent in San Francisco on drills and training exercises
California State Law - mayor is no longer in charge of natural hazard response, all agencies work together in the same room
Prediction (modify vulnerability)
ShakeAlert - early warning system that sends a text message
