Tectonics: 1.1 - Japanese Garman (C.S)

Question 1

Vulnerability

Answer 1

How susceptible something/someone is to danger

Question 2

Event

Answer 2

Natural situation that doesn’t affect people (e.g an earthquake in the middle of an ocean)

Question 3

Hazard

Answer 3

Natural situation that is dangerous and affects people (e.g an earthquake in the middle of a city)

Question 4

Capacity to cope/resilience

Answer 4

The ability of a country exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, and recover from the impact

Question 5

Risk

Answer 5

Probability of a hazard occurring that leads to loss of life

Question 6

Disaster

Answer 6

Impact of a hazard, leading to significant loss of life, animals, capital, etc.

Question 7

Threshold

Answer 7

Critical point after which a hazard becomes a disaster

Question 8

Risk equation

Answer 8

Hazard x vulnerability / capacity to cope

Question 9

Magnitude

Answer 9

Size/strength of an event/hazard

Question 10

Richter Scale

Answer 10

EQ scale: 1-10

Qualitative

Logarithmic (1=1, 2=10, 3 = 100 etc.)

Question 11

Moment Magnitude Scale

Answer 11

EQ Scale: 1-10

Quantitative

Used for magnitudes above 5 on Richter Scale (difference between magnitudes becomes more unclear -> unreliable)

Question 12

Mercalli Scale

Answer 12

EQ Scale: 1-12 (written in Roman numerals)

Qualitative

Measures the impact of an earthquake

Question 13

Volcanic Explosivity Index

Answer 13

Volcano Scale: 1-8

Quantitative, logarithmic

Measures amount of material expelled (no volcanoes are big enough to go over 8)

Question 14

Epicentre

Answer 14

Surface point of EQ directly above focal point

Question 15

Focal point

Answer 15

Origin of an earthquake below the surface