TECTONICS

Question 1

When was the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 1

April of 2015

Question 2

What magnitude was the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 2

7.8

Question 3

What happened a week before the Nepal earthquake hit?

Answer 3

Earthquake experts had gathered in Kathmandu to discuss preparation

Question 4

What boundaries does Nepal sit on?

Answer 4

The Indian and the Eurasian

Question 5

How far away was the Nepal epicentre away from Kathmandu

Answer 5

80km away

Question 6

What was the initial death count from the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 6

8600

Question 7

What was the initial injury count from the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 7

21,000

Question 8

How many people were left homeless after the Nepal 2015 earthquake?

Answer 8

3 million

Question 9

At what time during the day did the Nepal earthquake occur?

Answer 9

Midday, when most people were at work

Question 10

What were the secondary impacts of the Nepal 2015 earthquake?

Answer 10

• Landslides in the Himalayas, which cut off communities (decreased aid and relief efforts)
• The tourism economy took a hit
• Extensive aftershocks

Question 11

What was the economic cost of the Nepal 2015 earthquake (and percentage of GDP)

Answer 11

$5bn, 25% of GDP

Question 12

When was the Montserrat Volcano?

Answer 12

18th July 1995

Question 13

Montserrat: How long were the ash clouds being erupted?

Answer 13

5 years

Question 14

Montserrat: What was the name of their capital that was destroyed?

Answer 14

Plymouth

Question 15

Montserrat: What fraction of houses were destroyed?

Answer 15

2/3

Question 16

Impacts of the 1995 Montserrat volcano?

Answer 16

• Unemployment increased, decrease in tourism
• Farmland was destroyed/abandoned
• Top heavy population pyramid

Question 17

When was the Indian Ocean Tsunami?

Answer 17

2004

Question 18

Indian Ocean Tsunami: Where was the earthquake?

Answer 18

Off the coast of Indonesia (this caused the tsunami)

Question 19

Indian Ocean Tsunami: What was the magnitude of the earthquake that caused the tsunami?

Answer 19

9.0-9.3

Question 20

Indian Ocean Tsunami: How tall was the tsunami?

Answer 20

15m tall, with severe shock waves

Question 21

Indian Ocean Tsunami: Why was the Indian Ocean Tsunami so severe

Answer 21

• Low-lying land meant that the surge moved several km inland
• Devastating to coastal settlements
• No warning system in the Indian Ocean

Question 22

Indian Ocean Tsunami: What industries were greatly affected?

Answer 22

Fishing, tourism and agriculture economies

Question 23

What was the economic cost of the Indian Ocean Tsunami?

Answer 23

$10bn

Question 24

When was the 2005 Kashmir earthquake?

Answer 24

2005

Question 25

How do the hazard profile characteristics relate to the 2005 Kashmir earthquake?

Answer 25

1. Frequency (last earthquake in the 1900s) 2. Spatial predictability (Kashmir is a seismic gap)

Question 26

How many people died during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake?

Answer 26

87,000

Question 27

How many people were displaced during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake?

Answer 27

2.8 million

Question 28

How many schools were destroyed during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake?

Answer 28

17,000

Question 29

How many healthcare centres were destroyed during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake?

Answer 29

800

Question 30

When was the Haiti earthquake?

Answer 30

January 12th 2010

Question 31

Compare Japan and Myanmar in terms of their hazard exposure score

Answer 31

Japan: Highly exposed, subject to multiple hazards Myanmar: High risk for earthquakes and tsunamis

Question 32

Compare Japan and Myanmar in terms of their vulnerability

Answer 32

Japan: High compared to other wealthy nations (ageing population) Myanmar: Moderate risk (although relatively low)

Question 33

Compare Japan and Myanmar in terms of their capacity to cope

Answer 33

Japan: Good; elderly are educated and connected. Little corruption. Myanmar: Poor; low connection for older people, poor education

Question 34

Compare Japan and Myanmar in terms of the overall risk

Answer 34

Japan: 113/190; Strong capacity to cope and lower levels of vulnerability Myanmar: 7/190; Disaster risk to elderly citizens is proportionately high in comparison.

Question 35

Give an overview of the 2010 Hatian earthquake

Answer 35

- Large-scale earthquake on January 12th - 13km S-SE of Petit Troup de Nippes - Widely felt

Question 36

Outline the impacts of the 2010 Haitan earthquake

Answer 36

- 9,000 deaths from cholera - 700,000 affected - Source of outbreak is disputed (Artibone river which was a source of drinking water, Nepalese aid may have brought in the outbreak)

Question 37

Outline why developed countries often see less consequences following hazards

Answer 37

- Advanced widespread insurance - Government run preparations - Sophisticated monitoring (hi-tech volcano monitoring) - Regulated local planning systems

Question 38

What hazard do you use for comparing levels of development (emerging countries)

Answer 38

Sichuan

Question 39

Outline the Sichuan earthquake

Answer 39

- 0.73 - 69,000 deaths - 375,000 injured - $140bn economic costs - Immediate rapid response

Question 40

What hazard do you use for comparing levels of development (developing)

Answer 40

Haiti

Question 41

Outline the Haiti earthquake

Answer 41

- 0.48 - 160,000 deaths - 250,000 homes destroyed - Decades of corrupt, ineffective and brutal governance increases vulnerability

Question 42

How was E15 a megadisaster? (volcano)

Answer 42

- March 2010, ash plume affected much of Europe, grounding flights. There were no direct deaths and it was considered a small eruption - Evaluating effect on the global supply chain: M and X affected, no air freight

Question 43

How was the Tohoku, Japan a megadisaster? (tsunami)

Answer 43

- Magnitude 9.0 in March 2011 - Produced a tsunami that caused destruction in Tohoku - Eroded trust in Japanese government and nuclear energy policies - Evaluating impact on costs and attitudes towards nuclear energy: hit Fukushima powerplant, increased radioactive releases and decreased world affordability by decreasing the supply.