Tectonic Tsunami Case study Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Names and dates of 3 case studies

A

Boxing day 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
Talcahuano Chile, 2010 tsunami
Japanese 2011 Tohuku

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Boxing day, tsunami

location, details and magnitude and plate margin and focus depth

A

Epicentre is an Indian Ocean 250 km off the West Coast of Indonesia

affect south east of India and Sri Lanka magnitude

Magnitude 9.1

At subduction zone caused a 20 m uplift of water of Indo Australian plate under Eurasian, focus depth of 30 km.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Boxing day Tsunami characteristics height in the station, inland and speed

A

24 meter tsunami height

800 km/h speed

inundated 3 km inland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Social impacts, boxing day, tsunami 

A

Fatalities in 14 countries - over 200,000 deaths

125,000 injured,

1.7 million people displaced over 14 countries - as 1500 villages lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Boxing Day tsunami economic impacts

A

15 billion in economic losses reliance on which causes reliance on aid which increases debt that future economic

impact 70% of Sri Lanka‘s fishing industry was destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Boxing tsunami , environmental impact

A

8,000,000 L are oil spill damage coral reefs in coastal Wetland

crops and farming destroyed

Damage freshwater ecosystem and mangrove due to saltation. Mangroves are natural flood defences and maintain high biodiversity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Talcahuano Tsunami
Location details, magnitude plate boundary and focus

A

Nazca and South America plates convergent

Magnitude, 8.8

Mega thrust subduction zone, focus of 35 km below surface of Pacific Ocean 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Talcahuano Tsunami

Tsunami, characteristics, speed, and height 

A

2.6 m
725 km/h.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Talcahuano Tsunami
Social impacts

A

525 deaths

12,000 injured hard to treat as 56 hospitals damaged

More than 50 schools damaged

Shortage of food, water and fuel lead to widespread looting (increase crime means more injury and less social stability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Talcahuano Tsunami
Economic impacts

A

US$ 15- 30 billion losses

ports were destroyed damaging the 40 million sector

Talcahuano Port badly damaged - fishing and tourism industries, face decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Talcahuano Tsunami
Environmental impact

A

Debris dumped into fragile weapons and areas pipe damage mean on process switch released into the Biobio river cause eutrophication

HOWEVER Beaches were uplifted, which created habitats for intertidal species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Japanese tsunami magnitude plate boundary and focus on location details

A

Pacific plate in North American plate convergence, 130 km east of Sendai

Magnitude, 9.0

Mega thrust subduction zone
focus 30 km below Pacific seabed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Social impacts of Japanese tsunami

A

15,000 people died

4000 roads destroyed, preventing some evacuation and aid long-term can impact trade or get into school or hospital so social impacts

6100 injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Economic impacts Japanese

A

US$240 billion in economic loss

Huge infrastructure damage to ports and water electric supply - (trade impacted, water affects health, electricity affect businesses and social eg for getting information on time)

46,000 buildings damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Environmental impacts, Japanese tsunami

A

Radioactive chemicals leaked, found in Tokyo’s drinking water (from Fukushima)

5 million tons of debris end up in the sea

cracked a major iceberg in Antarctica which causes methane to be leaked - climate change

destroyed 21,000 hectare of farmland due salvation effects primary sector so low income people at higher impact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Boxing day tsunami why was it so devastating?

A

Earthquake was the most powerful ever recorded

Impacted 14 countries are many were developing so do not have necessary emergency supplies procedures of infrastructure to cope, cause heavy reliance on foreign assistance

Heavily densely populated areas

Coastline around Indian Ocean, particularly low-lying

Occurred during the main tourist season for visitors from Europe increased people density at the time

Tsunami not very common in Indian Ocean hard to predict so no warning system except Thailand

17
Q

Why is Boxing Day tsunami considered mega disaster

A

14 countries impacted

international aid required for food or shelter

economic and losses and deaths

one of the largest ever in terms of Ariel extent

18
Q

Talcahuano

Why was the tsunami so devastating?

A

Tsunami warning system was not in place, not quick enough to warn those living in coast of the impending danger tsunami disproportionately kill tourists who are camping in low-level coastal areas. Local residents were aware and evacuated to higher grounds day.

Long, blackout made rescue efforts, more difficult

epicentre very close, 70 miles from the urban area

Theft of food made assistance very hard to give out

isolated areas of more vulnerable and had less supplies to cope

19
Q

Sendai
Why was it so devastating?

A

9.0 magnitude of shore areas were particularly shallow Japanese lowland are found in the east coast waves able to reach further inland.

20
Q

Sendai why is it considered a global or mega disaster?

A

Only Japan was directly affected by economic impacts of global consequences due to disruptions of port, factories and power supply. They are important production supply chain, e.g. for Boeing jets and semiconductors.

Loss of public acceptability of nuclear power for sample, Germany and Italy, immediately shut down some of the nuclear reactors or shutdown plans to build new ones