Globalisation Part 2 Flashcards
reasons for population increase
natural increase - high birth rates and better healthcare - igramts are of child bearing age
migration (esp rural-urban)
why does rural-urban migration take place - push and pull factors
rural - poor infrastructure and investment,
urban - job opportunities better living standards (better access to higher education and healthcare)
how does shrinking world technology impact migration
satellites, tv/radio - switch on remote plaes and encourage ppl to move to urban areas due to media depictions and raised awareness of job opportunities
successful migrants share info
impact on Mumbai of rural-urban migration
pop doubled since 1970s to 22mil in 2015. as ppl from rural Bihar and Uttar Pradesh migrated. wealthy ceo’s and Bollywood actors drive up affluence and prices in the area. this means that some migrants cannot afford housing, therefore, go to slums
growth of megacities
1950 - 2 megacities Tokyo and NY developed country
28 in 2014 - 1/3 current megacities in developing and emerging - slums and squatter settlements e.g. mumbai, Karachi, sao paulo
social challenges of rapid urban growth
housing + education under pressure - Lagos doubles in size since 2000
Rising unemployment - Cairo unemployment 25%+ therefore more homeless therefore more slums as prices incr due to rising affluence of the employed - informal industry incr 50% pop Sao Paulo
poverty - half urban city dwellers live in poverty
private company provide wealthier areas better service
environ challenges of rapid urban growth
air pollution - 5th largest killer in India and new dehli worst by WHO
Informal housing - 40% of Sao Paulo living in 1600 favelas
increased traffic congestion - num of vehicles in New Delhi predicted to multiply by 5 btw 2010-2025
water pol - health conditions
Social challenges in Mumbai
Ruralto urban migrants cannot afford to travel to work and cannot afford to rent houses, therefore, live in Mumbai slums. This is unsafe and unhygienic, - in water Borne diseases and gangs.
Informal sector is booming, despite being illegal. A large portion of Daravi works in these. low pay, no Security no tax.
Tax free zones to encourage companies but without this income tax, as well as informal sector - less tax so cannot provide services for population as less money to reinvested back into Health and education, causing a cycle of poverty
Environmental challenges in Mumbai
Thin becomes overcrowded very high population density one of the highest populated density in the world, living space is expensive, very congested and businesses and people that can move to less conjested located, leaving spiral of decline behind.
Housing shortages in slum development, Mumbai
Population growth hard to keep pace cause housing shortage.
City authorities have no money to build housing as less tax
private companies are put off because of government limits to maximum rent
people live in cheap settlements away from work which means more congestion from traffic and those who cannot afford that going to slums Conditions are awful. Dharavi has problems with water supply and sanitation as the area becomes more affluent. The land taken up by slums is more valuable and therefore owners want to clear it.
Water supply and waste disposal
A bit of suburbs of private water supplied by Private company
60% of the Mumbai population uses communal taps. What is a ration in slums of 1 million people only access standpipe at 5:30 in the morning for two hours and no water supply when power cuts.
no sewage system, so waste is left in rivers and streams causes waterborne diseases.
Air Pollution and traffic
1.8 million cars - Mumbai roads frequently gridlocked, traffic congestion
90% of pop travel by railroad and car put strain on railway system as population has increased and very large distances travel to get to work
trains and buses overcrowded and 3500 people die on Mumbai railway each year.
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What is a global hub?
Hubs in global network which has major influence and political and economic decisions. Where most investment takes place for example, london or Shanghai
attracts of flows of internal and international economic migrants because they’re well-connected and provide lots of opportunity. 
What is an elite migrant?
Minority population group of combination of highest levels of wealth, skills, and social status, political influence and cultural significance
HSMP programme
How much is it to get a elite visa, UK
2 million
Advantages of Russian oligarchs investing visa
Can we invested into healthcare education - long-term social development
can help invest businesses, help, expand, and employ new people causes multiplier effect
How many how much of a residential purchases between 2004 and 2014 went to Russian
1/3
Disadvantages of Russian oligarchs investing visas
Foreign ownership of residential properties make housing expensive people are displaced and have to move elsewhere.
Foreign ownership means greater reliance on foreign nationals
sanctions on Russian oligarchs have now reduced amount of Russian ownership in order to prevent money laundering.
Low-wage international migrants adv and disadv
Thousand jobs shortages for the sample Qatar has more population of 2 million and therefore 90% of their workforce is migrants however, they can be exploited
Host, country costs
Arrival new people cause friction and social tensions and lose cultural identity
clustering segregate areas of similar ethnic backgrounds again reinforce stigmas.
Cost of educating children increases pressure on education system.
Some industries are higher dependent on migrants so suffered shortages during Brexit.
Increased people mean more pressure on resources
Host, region benefits
New food, music, cultural experiences and culture, diversification introduces new ideas and practices can improve efficiency of current practises
Labour surplus people take on undesirable jobs so services can continue
Fills skill gaps of fields, for example in healthcare
multiethnic society, an influx of new revitalise providers, and growth of ethnic retailers 
Source region costs
Loss of young adult labour force deters investment by private organisations, result in spinal decline as fewer employment opportunities
loss of skills in entrepreneurs slows economic development,
perceived benefits of migration, encourage other young economically active people to migrate causes an unstable social structure, resulting in vulnerable aging population, without enough youth to care for them
Disproportionately more female left behind
Source region benefits
Fumigants or working age, so less competition and therefore less unemployment
returning migrants revitalise the home economy
remittances cause multiplier effect and less pressure on government benefits
decrease population decreases pressure on resources
Social Impacts of Deindustrialisation
unemployment = depop = fewer services needed = more unemploy (spiral of decline) = poverty and less tax for services = more crime
long term unemployed = gap in cvand skill loss = harder to get back into employment
loss of culture and community as depop and work changes
zero hours - hours are not guaranteed
Redcar:
how may job losses
how many ppl claim unemployment benefits
2200 job loss
2500 benefits
Environ Impact of Deindustrialisation
contamination from industrialisation left brownfield sites (dereliction) and infertile land
Redcar - 175 yrs to clean up as contamination 10m down
what is cultural diffusion
due to increased interconnectedness - cultures will influence others and in turn, be
influenced themselves - increasing cross-
border movement of goods, services, capital, technology,
people and ideas, .
How has globalisation accelerated cultural diffusion?
global media corporations e.g. BBC World Service - soft power - western companies disproportionately large influence
e.g. Christmas and Halloween consumerisation influenced by Disney shows
TNCs increase in global products - Starbucks
tourism and migration
internet and social media - vlogs from foreign countries
Hybridisation
when two cultures meet, they may adapt and merge to create a new type of culture.- e.g. Texmec
Homogenisation
The process of people, products and places becoming the same. It creates a ‘global village’
where ‘places everywhere are becoming the same’
How many of global lang will disappear by 2100.
1/2 of 6000
rise of Globish – a form of basic English consisting of about 1500 words - lingua franca
How do other cultures influence English compared to French
India - ‘pyjama’ and an addition of 26 Korean words into new edition of oxford dictionary
french v. protective over language - language policy means that the use of French is required by law in commercial and workplace communications
Cultural landscape:
The landscape of a place
that has been shaped over time in
characteristics ways by the combined action of natural and human processes.
Pessimistic hyperglobalisers
concerned
that cultures are being eroded and
ecosystems are becoming devalued as result.
Optimistic hyperglobalisers
think that
globalisation and cultural erosion can bring
positive change on a worldwide scale.
World social Forum point of view on globalisation
It is an open meeting place with social movement networks. NGOs and other Silva said to commit oppose the new liberalism, and the world is dominated by capital or any form of imperialism debate ideas, democratically and formulate proposals.
In Oxford, executive director suggested that current inequalities has been driven by a paragraph by a few wellfields, who have co-opted their political system to rig the rules of economic system
World economic forum point of view on globalisation
2500 business leaders and head of state for me to make deals and discuss global issues and FDI and trade are made.
DC globalisation as a means to drive, economic growth and cooperation
They called shall continue and different responses, culture, diversity and change
Melting pot or hybridisation like london ,
pluralism - EU nations tall is equal rights for migrants to Practice religious and cultural beliefs.
Citizenship testing - stricter regulations for migration
Assimilation, the belief that minority traits disappear as host of values are adopted - France cannot wear religious symbols.
Internet censorship prevent citizens from learning by other global view, points using online sources, such as China,
religious, intolerance, notably lower levels of religious freedom eg Iran
Close door - stopping any immigration or together for fear of cultural dilution, Cambodia, the Pol Pot years 
