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Geography > tectonic landscapes > Flashcards

tectonic landscapes Flashcards

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1
Q

where is the case study?

A

South, central Japan in Kobe

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2
Q

what happened in kobe? when?

A

an earthquake on 17th of January 1995

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3
Q

how much was kobe earthquake on the richter scale?

A

7.2

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4
Q

what plate boundaries were involved? what type of plates?

A

destructive plate boundary

philippines plate subducting under the eurasian plate.

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5
Q

where was the epicentre?

A

20km from kobe

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6
Q

how many people were killed by kobe earthquake?

A

5000

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7
Q

how many were left homeless in kobe earthquake?

A

300,000

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8
Q

how many buildings were destroyed in kobe earthquake?

A

200,000

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9
Q

how many buildings were destroyed by the fires broken by the gas pipes?

A

7500

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10
Q

why would people want to live by volcanoes?

A

iceland - geothermal power

Hawaii - tourism

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11
Q

how could you prevent volcano damage?

A

iceland - spray the lava

Italy - earth barriers

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12
Q

how could you prevent earthquake damage?

A

peru LIC - wrap homes in mesh to make them stronger

Japan - training days

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13
Q

what is a continental crust?

A

makes up land

relatively low density material

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14
Q

what is a oceanic crust?

A

makes up the sea bed

relatively high density material

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15
Q

how do convection currents work?

A

heat makes rocks rise from core
heat makes rocks expand and less dense
rocks cool near surface, rocks contract and become dense again
rock sinks

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16
Q

what is the alternative name for a divergent plate boundary?

A

constructive plate boundary

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17
Q

which way do divergent/constructive plate boundaries move?

A

AWAY from each other

18
Q

what is formed at a divergent/constructive plate boundary?

what does it create?

A

volcanoes under water then builds up to form on land

volcanoes and earthquakes

19
Q

what is the alternative name for convergent ocean to land plate boundaries?

A

destructive

20
Q

which way do convergent ocean to land / destructive plate boundaries go?

A

towards each other

21
Q

what is formed at a convergent ocean to land / destructive plate boundaries?

A

ocean trench - ocean plate is pushed because it’s lighter than the continental crust

22
Q

what is caused because of convergent ocean to land / destructive plate boundaries?

A

earthquakes and volcanoes

23
Q

what is the alternative name for convergent land to land plate boundaries?

A

collision plate boundary

24
Q

what is formed at convergent ocean to ocean / collision plate boundaries?

A

fold mountains - both continental crusts weigh the same so no subduction therefore are pushed together

25
Q

where are convergent ocean to ocean / collision plate boundaries?

A

india, the Himalayas

26
Q

are earth quakes and volcanoes formed at convergent ocean to ocean / collision plate boundaries?

A

yes

no

27
Q

what is the alternative name for transform plate boundaries?

A

conservative

28
Q

what direction does transform/conservative plate boundaries go?

A

past each other

29
Q

what is formed at a transform/conservative plate boundaries?

what does this cause? where?

A

a fault - sliding past eachother causes vibrations

earthquakes - USA

30
Q

are volcanoes formed at transform/conservative plate boundaries?

A

no

31
Q

what are steps to a volcano erupting?

A

gases build up like co2 in magma chamber, causes pressure, volcano domes, erupts forming ash cloud, then a few days later lava, when this is too much pressure a secondary crater forms

32
Q

what are the steps of a hotspot volcano?

A

heat rises and forms volcano, string from plunge magma snaps off, volcanoes continue to move and make hot spots
eg. hawaii is a hot spot volcano

33
Q

what is the epicentre?

A

where seismic waves are strongest

34
Q

what is the focus?

A

point underground where plates move

35
Q

what are seismic waves?

A

energy related as plates move from the earthquake

36
Q

what do LIC use to measure their earthquakes? what does it actually measure?

A

mercalli scale

measured amount of damage done

37
Q

what countries do HIC use? what does it actually measure?

A

richter scale

measures energy released

38
Q

what are 5 ways of predicting tectonic hazards?

A

erratic behaviour of snakes
see if volcano is buldging
investigate frequency of past earthquakes

39
Q

what do lava flows do? how can we prevent them?

A

burn & destroy your house

spray water on it so it cools down like in iceland

40
Q

ash clouds?

A

makes roofs collapse –> breath it in

stay indoors and block windows and doors

41
Q

pyroclastic flows?

A

when breathed in - instantly dead

put up signs to warn people like in chilli

42
Q

mudflows?

A

if caught in them - drown

build channels to redirect them like in Japan

Geography (9 decks)

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