tectonic landscapes Flashcards
where is the case study?
South, central Japan in Kobe
what happened in kobe? when?
an earthquake on 17th of January 1995
how much was kobe earthquake on the richter scale?
7.2
what plate boundaries were involved? what type of plates?
destructive plate boundary
philippines plate subducting under the eurasian plate.
where was the epicentre?
20km from kobe
how many people were killed by kobe earthquake?
5000
how many were left homeless in kobe earthquake?
300,000
how many buildings were destroyed in kobe earthquake?
200,000
how many buildings were destroyed by the fires broken by the gas pipes?
7500
why would people want to live by volcanoes?
iceland - geothermal power
Hawaii - tourism
how could you prevent volcano damage?
iceland - spray the lava
Italy - earth barriers
how could you prevent earthquake damage?
peru LIC - wrap homes in mesh to make them stronger
Japan - training days
what is a continental crust?
makes up land
relatively low density material
what is a oceanic crust?
makes up the sea bed
relatively high density material
how do convection currents work?
heat makes rocks rise from core
heat makes rocks expand and less dense
rocks cool near surface, rocks contract and become dense again
rock sinks
what is the alternative name for a divergent plate boundary?
constructive plate boundary
which way do divergent/constructive plate boundaries move?
AWAY from each other
what is formed at a divergent/constructive plate boundary?
what does it create?
volcanoes under water then builds up to form on land
volcanoes and earthquakes
what is the alternative name for convergent ocean to land plate boundaries?
destructive
which way do convergent ocean to land / destructive plate boundaries go?
towards each other
what is formed at a convergent ocean to land / destructive plate boundaries?
ocean trench - ocean plate is pushed because it’s lighter than the continental crust
what is caused because of convergent ocean to land / destructive plate boundaries?
earthquakes and volcanoes
what is the alternative name for convergent land to land plate boundaries?
collision plate boundary
what is formed at convergent ocean to ocean / collision plate boundaries?
fold mountains - both continental crusts weigh the same so no subduction therefore are pushed together
where are convergent ocean to ocean / collision plate boundaries?
india, the Himalayas
are earth quakes and volcanoes formed at convergent ocean to ocean / collision plate boundaries?
yes
no
what is the alternative name for transform plate boundaries?
conservative
what direction does transform/conservative plate boundaries go?
past each other
what is formed at a transform/conservative plate boundaries?
what does this cause? where?
a fault - sliding past eachother causes vibrations
earthquakes - USA
are volcanoes formed at transform/conservative plate boundaries?
no
what are steps to a volcano erupting?
gases build up like co2 in magma chamber, causes pressure, volcano domes, erupts forming ash cloud, then a few days later lava, when this is too much pressure a secondary crater forms
what are the steps of a hotspot volcano?
heat rises and forms volcano, string from plunge magma snaps off, volcanoes continue to move and make hot spots
eg. hawaii is a hot spot volcano
what is the epicentre?
where seismic waves are strongest
what is the focus?
point underground where plates move
what are seismic waves?
energy related as plates move from the earthquake
what do LIC use to measure their earthquakes? what does it actually measure?
mercalli scale
measured amount of damage done
what countries do HIC use? what does it actually measure?
richter scale
measures energy released
what are 5 ways of predicting tectonic hazards?
erratic behaviour of snakes
see if volcano is buldging
investigate frequency of past earthquakes
what do lava flows do? how can we prevent them?
burn & destroy your house
spray water on it so it cools down like in iceland
ash clouds?
makes roofs collapse –> breath it in
stay indoors and block windows and doors
pyroclastic flows?
when breathed in - instantly dead
put up signs to warn people like in chilli
mudflows?
if caught in them - drown
build channels to redirect them like in Japan
