Tectonic Hazards / Plates

Question 1

What is the oceanic crust?

Answer 1

It is found underneath the oceans. It is denser than continental crust and can be subducted.

Question 2

What is the continental crust?

Answer 2

It is found under land masses or continents. It is generally older than oceanic crusts and is less often destroyed.

Question 3

What plate margins are volcanoes found on?

Answer 3

Volcanoes are found along destructive and constructive plate margins

Question 4

What is a destructive plate margin?

Answer 4

Where the oceanic plate is subducted under the continental plate therefore forming earthquakes

Question 5

What is a constructive plate margin?

Answer 5

Where plates are moving away from eachother, causing magma from the mantle to rise up and form shield volcanoes and earthquakes

Question 6

What is a conservative plate margin?

Answer 6

Where plates are moving across eachother, and causing friction which makes them stuck. As they are still moving, it builds up pressure and therefore forms earthquakes. They do not form volcanoes.

Question 7

What is a primary effect?

Answer 7

Events that happen immediately as a result of a hazard

Question 8

What is a secondary effect?

Answer 8

Events that happen hours/days/weeks after the initial hazard

Question 9

4 primary effects of an earthquake

Answer 9

deaths and injuries, damaged buildings, damaged water/gas pipes and fallen electric cables, transport links damaged

Question 10

4 secondary effects of an earthquake

Answer 10

slowed down economy (less jobs, repair costs), restricted emergency services from damaged transport links, burst water pipes causes poor sanitation and illness, fires break out from gas pipes and fallen electric cables

Question 11

4 primary effects of a volcanic eruption

Answer 11

farmland and properties destroyed, ash in atmosphere meaning restricted air services, deaths and injuries, contaminated water supplies

Question 12

4 secondary effects of a volcanic eruption

Answer 12

fertile land for agriculture, increased tourism, emergency services struggle to arrive, glaciers covering volcanoes melt causing flooding

Question 13

How can earthquakes be managed?

Answer 13

Prediction, Planning, Protection and Long term / Short term relief

Question 14

What is Prediction?

Answer 14

Experts / Scientists using seismometres to monitor earth tremors and decide where an earthquake is most likely to happen

Question 15

What is planning?

Answer 15

Constructing buildings that are eathquake-proof and training/funding emergency services in case a hazard was to happen

Question 16

What is preparation?

Answer 16

Hospitals/Emergency Services/Residents practising for an earthquake (drills, evacuation zones)

Question 17

What can be added to a building to make it earthquake proof?

Answer 17

Steel frames, rubber shock absorbers, outside areas for evacuation

Question 18

What’s needed after an earthquake?

Answer 18

trained volunteers, food, water, radio communication, medical help

Question 19

How can a scientist predict volcanoes?

Answer 19

Through tiltmeters and satelites

Question 20

How can a country prepare for a volcanic eruption?

Answer 20

Exclusion zones, planned evacuations, organising barriers to divert flow