Development Dynamics Flashcards
Name two economic indicators of development
GDP and HDI
What is GDP?
gross domestic product, total goods and services produced by a country in a year
What is HDI?
human development index = measures total GDP per capita, life expectancy and years in education per year in a country
Name four social indicators of development
Birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, access to education/healthcare/leisure facilities
What are the limitations of measuring development?
sometimes inaccurate, only shows averages, doesn’t show everything
What are the causes of global inequality?
Social (education and health), Economic + political (government systems, international relations), Environmental (climate, topography), Historical (colonialism, neo-colonialism)
What are the problems of Rostow’s modernisation theory?
out of date, doesn’t consider colonisation, assumes all countries start at the same level of development, doesn’t consider natural hazards/population/resources
What is Frank’s dependancy theory?
The theory that developing countries struggle to develop because they are dependant on developed countries, and that developed countries exploit the poor
What are the problems of frank’s dependancy theory?
out of date, doesn’t take factors which limit development into account such as natural disasters/lack of resources/conflict
What is top down development?
government funded, large scale, expensive, needs experts to install + maintain
What is bottom up development?
small scale, funded by local community, cheap, easy to maintain + install
What is globalisation?
speed up of movement/exchange of people, goods, services around the globe
What is TNCs?
Transnational corporations = enterprises involved in globalisation
What is an example of a TNC?
unilever
how does governments contribute to globalisation?
setting up free trade areas for TNCs and offering low tax for TNCs
