Tectonic Hazards - Examples Flashcards
Preparedness for Tectonic Hazards is Different in Countries of Contrasting ________ and Development.
Wealth.
Japan (A ____________ Country) and Pakistan (A Developing Country) have a History of ______________, and Both Countries have Different Levels of Preparedness.
Developed…Earthquakes…
How was the Japanese Earthquake Predicted?
- The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and Local Governments Monitor Seismic Activity all over the Country.
- If an Earthquake is Detected, People are Warned Immediately.
How was the Pakistan Earthquake Predicted?
- Up until Recently, there wasn’t Extensive Monitoring of Seismic Activity, Meaning Earthquakes could Strike without Warning.
How was the Japanese Earthquake Prepared?
- Strict Building Laws Helped Prevent Major Damaged During the Earthquake.
- Buildings were Reinforced with Steel Frames.
- High-Rise Buildings have Deep Foundations with Shock Absorbers.
- Japan has Early Warning Systems to Alert Residents.
- High-Speed ‘Bullet’ Trains Automatically Stop.
- Automatic Alarms go Off.
How was the Pakistan Earthquake Prepared?
- As a Developing Country, Pakistan doesn’t have Access to the Same Building Materials as Japan.
- Many Buildings are Constructed Using Wood and Cement, Easily Destroyed.
- Building Laws don’t Include Measures of Protection against Earthquake Damage.
- Poor Communication Networks make it Difficult to Alert the Population.
How did Japan Long-Term Plan their Earthquake?
- Japan’s Population is Educated on being Prepared.
- Schools Carry Out Drills to Teach Children.
- People Living in Coastal Communities Practise Getting to Higher Ground or Emergency Bunkers.
How did Pakistan Long-Term Plan their Earthquake?
- There are Lots of Poor Settlements that have no Education Programme for Teaching People what to do if there’s an Earthquake.
- Planning Evacuations is Difficult Because there are Few Roads and Poor Communications.
How did Japan Test their Preparedness?
- On 11th March 2011, a Powerful Earthquake Struck North-East Japan, Measuring 9.0.
- Japanese Scientists had Predicted a Smaller Earthquake to Hit North of the Country.
How did Pakistan Test their Preparedness?
- On 8th October 2005, Kashmir was Struck by a 7.6 Earthquake.
- Although Scientists Monitor Seismic Activity in the Area, the Earthquake was Unexpected.
What were the Primary Impacts of the Japanese Earthquake?
- Thousands of Buildings were Damaged.
- The Earthquake Caused Severe Liquefaction, Causing Buildings to Sink to the Ground.
What were the Primary Impacts of the Pakistan Earthquake?
- The Pakistan Earthquake Caused around 80,000 Deaths.
- 100,000s People were Injured.
- 3,000,000 were made Homeless.
- Water Pipelines and Electricity Lines were Broken.
What were the Secondary Impacts of the Japanese Earthquake?
- The Earthquake Triggered a Tsunami which Killed Thousands.
- 100,000s of Buildings were Destroyed.
- 230,000 Made Homeless.
- The Tsunami Cut Off Power Supplies to the Nuclear Power Plant.
- Road and Rail Networks Suffered Severe Damage.
What were the Secondary Impacts of the Pakistan Earthquake?
- Landslides Buried Buildings and People.
- Diarrhoea and Other Diseases Spread.
- Freezing Winter Conditions Shortly After Caused Casualties.
Short-Term Relief for the Japanese Earthquake?
- International Aid and Search and Rescue Teams were Brought in.
- Rescue Workers and Soliders were Restored a Couple of Weeks after the Earthquake.
- Transport and Communications were Restored after the Earthquakes.
- Power Supplies were Restored in the Weeks following the Earthquake.
