Tectonic Hazards (assesment 1)

Question 1

1) What are the 4 layers of the earth? (Add detail)

Answer 1

Crust- the outermost shell of the earth, less than 1% of the Earth’s radius and volume
Mantle- The mostly solid bulk of the earth’s interior
Outer core- It is a fluid about 2260km thick
Inner core- It is the innermost, it is solid and about 2900km

Question 2

1) What is a tectonic hazard?

Answer 2

1) Tectonic hazards are threats caused by the movement of tectonic plates that have potential to cause damage to life because they cause disasters such as tsunamis, volcanoes and earthquakes.

Question 3

1) What are earthquakes?
2) How are they caused?

Answer 3

1) The sudden release of strain energy in the Earth’s crust, resulting in waves of shaking that radiate outwards from the earthquake source
2) The 3 main cause of earthquakes are the slipping of tectonic plates volcanic eruptions and collapse of rock formations on the Earth’s surface or underground explosions.

Question 4

1) What are the 4 different plate boundary?

Answer 4

1) The four different plates are Conservative plates, Destructive plates, Collision plates and Constructive plates.

Question 5

What is the thickest layer of the earth?

Answer 5

The mantle is the thickest layer of the earth

Question 6

What is the inner Core made out of?

Answer 6

Solid iron and nickel

Question 7

Which Tectonic plate do we live on?

Answer 7

Eurasian plate

Question 8

What is the name of the theory that suggest tectonic plates move?

Answer 8

Continental Drift Theory

Question 9

Why do Tectonic plates move?

Answer 9

Tectonic plates move because of Convection Currents

Question 10

Plates slides past each other. This boundary is called?

Answer 10

Conservative

Question 11

Where do earthquakes occur?

Answer 11

All plate boundaries - They are just larger at some plate boundary types than others

Question 12

Describe the process of convection currents.

Answer 12

Convection Currents - As magma close to the core heats up it begins to rise. As the rising magma gets closer to the crust it begins to cool and will eventually start to fall back towards the core.It will repeat this pattern over and over causing the magma in the mantle to move in a circular pattern which will move the tectonic plates of the crust.This happens all throughout the mantle

Question 13

(ii) Which one of the following areas in the UK is the most densely populated?
• A The Pennine Hills
• B The West Midlands
• C The Scottish Highlands
• D The North York Moors

Answer 13

•The West Midlands

Question 14

What is a collision plate?

Answer 14

Collision Plate boundary is where plates move towards each other

Question 15

What are plates move away from each other called?

Answer 15

Constructive

Question 16

What is a Destructive Plate boundary?

Answer 16

A Destructive Plate boundary is where plates sides under another plate

Question 17

The area under the surface where the earthquakes starts is called the…

Answer 17

Focus

Question 18

What is the epicentre of an earthquake?

Answer 18

The point on the Earth’s surface that is directly above the focus (the point of origin) of an earthquake. The epicenter is usually the location where the greatest damage associated with an earthquake occurs

Question 19

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Answer 19

The point where an earthquake starts is termed the focus or hypocentre and may be many kilometres deep within the earth.

Question 20

What do we measure earthquakes using?

Answer 20

The Richter Scale

Question 21

What are the characteristics of a shield volcano? Give 3

Answer 21

Has thin runny lava
Has a wide base
Gentle slopes
Lava moves quickly

Question 22

Which of the following is an economic impact of the Icelandic Volcanic eruption in 2010?

Answer 22

The airports closed across Europe closed affecting 1.2 million passengers a day.

Question 23

What is a Tsunami?

Answer 23

A large wave of water caused by an earthquake or other underwater disturbance. The wave can travel for miles inland.

Question 24

What machine is used to measure earthquakes?

Answer 24

Seismometers

Question 25

What are the characteristics of a composite volcano? Give 3

Answer 25

Thick lava
Violent eruptions
Create layers of ash and lava on their slides
Narrower bases
Often produce lahars (mudflow)

Question 26

What are super volcanoes?

Answer 26

an unusually large volcano having the potential to produce an eruption with major effects on the global climate and ecosystem

Question 27

What is a shield volcano? Give 4 characteristics

Answer 27

1. Thin runny lava
2. Gentle slopes
3. Gentle eruptions
4. Lava moves quickly
5. Found out constructive plate margins
6. Only 1 large vent allowing lots of lava to reach the surface

Question 28

What is a composite volcano? Give 4 characteristics

Answer 28

1. Thick lava
2. Violent eruotions
3. Create layers of ash and lava on the slides
4. Narrower bases
5. Often produce lahars