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Geography Yr8 > Assesment 4 Population, Migration And Glacial Environments > Flashcards

Assesment 4 Population, Migration And Glacial Environments Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Global Population Distribution?

A

Population Distribution - the way in which people are spread out. This distribution is uneven and changes over time.

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2
Q

Give 4 reasons people live in certain places

A

4 reasons are access to recourses, climate, work opportunities, social services

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3
Q

What does it mean to be densely populated?

A

When the population of an area is described as DENSELY populated there are lots of people in one area.

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4
Q

What does it mean to be sparsely populated?

A

When the population is described as SPARSELY populated there are few people in one area.

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5
Q

Give 4 factors of a sparsely populated place.

A
  1. Poor water supply 2. Extreme climate (too hot or too cold) 3. Not many public services such as school 4. Quiet
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6
Q

Give 4 factors of a densely populated place.

A
  1. Transport networks are available in lots of areas.
  2. Land is relatively flat
  3. There’s lots of jobs available
  4. Has a temperate (mild) climate
  5. Access to recources
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7
Q

What is birth rate?

A

Number of births per 1000 people per year

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8
Q

What is death rate?

A

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year.

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9
Q

What is natural increase and how do you work it out?

A

Natural Increase: The difference between birth rates and death rates. You work it out by taking birth rate away from death rate

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10
Q

What is overpopulation?

A

Overpopulation is when a country’s population can no longer support itself on the natural resources that are available.

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11
Q

What is a population pyramid?

A

A population pyramid is a graph showing us the population, birth and death rate of male and female at ages.

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12
Q

What is Life Expectancy?

A

Life Expectancy: The length of time on average that people can expect to live until in a particular country.

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13
Q

What is a Demographic Transition Model?

A

Demographic Transition Model: shows how population in a country changes over time

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14
Q

What does a poor country look like on a population pyramid and what does a rich country look like on a population pyramid in comparison?

A

A poor or poorer country might look like a science flask because they usually have high birth rates. A rich or richer country may look like a bottle and have a smaller bottom because they usually have low birth rates.

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15
Q

What are the 5 stages of a Demographic Transition Model?

A

The 5 stages of a Demographic Transition Model:
Stage 1: Population is low but Birth Rate and Death Rate are high
Stage 2: Birth Rate high but death rate low
Stage 3: Birth rate falls
Stage 4: Birth Rate and Death Rate low but population is high
Stage 5: What might happen in the future- death rate may be high

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16
Q

What stage will a poorer country be at vs a richer country on the demographic transition model?

A

A poorer country would be at stage 1 and a richer country would be at stage 4.

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17
Q

From when to when was china’s one child policy in place?

A

It was was from 1975 to 2015

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18
Q

Why did China have a one child policy?

A

China’s best-known population policy introduced to limit population growth.

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19
Q

Did the one child policy work?

A

Yes it slowed down growth in the country.

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20
Q

What were the rewards for following the policy?

A

Some rewards were better schooling for your child, higher wages, better employment and preferential treatment in loans.

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21
Q

What were the sanctions for not following the policy?

A

Some of the sanctions were employment termination, fines and difficulty obtaining government assistance.

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22
Q

Where was the policy more strict?

A

In urban areas of China the policy was much more strict.

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23
Q

What was China’s sex ratio at birth?

A

China’s sex ratio at birth was more imbalanced than the global average. The ratio from boy to girls was 113:100.

24
Q

What did China’s fertility rate drop to?

A

China’s fertility rate dropped to 1.55

25
Q

Did parents in China want boys or girls more and why?

A

Boys because when they married the wife would move in and care for the parents.

26
Q

What were some of the exceptions of the policy?

A

Some of the exceptions were if couples were both only children then they were allowed another child, if the first child is born with birth defects or major health problems and if first child that couples in rural areas (farms) had was a girl.

27
Q

What country experiences overpopulation and set in a policy?

A

China, The One Child Policy

28
Q

What is an ageing population?

A

An ageing population is a phenomenon where a country has too little birth rates compared to death rates and the young people cannot support the elderly.

29
Q

What was the 1 child policy?

A

It was a policy put in place to reduce China’s population

30
Q

From when to when was china’s one child policy in place?

A

It was was from 1975 to 2015

31
Q

What is it called when a country tries to increase its birth rate?

A

A pro-natalist policy

32
Q

Name 3 things used to convince people to become mothers and have children in France.

A
  1. Offered money incentives for non-working mothers
  2. Gave subsided (cheaper) holidays
  3. Given grants
  4. Full tax benefits to parents until the youngest child was 18
  5. 30% reduction on all 3 child families for public transport
  6. Pension schemes for mothers
  7. Paid for childcare
33
Q

What did France ban in order for more babies to be born?

A

They banned the sale of contraception

34
Q

What is migration?

A

Migration is the movement of people from one area to another.

35
Q

What are push factors?

A

Reasons for people to move away from the country/area

36
Q

What are pull factors?

A

Reasons for people to move to a country/area

37
Q

Give 3 push factor on why people left Mexico.

A
  1. Population always growing
  2. Owing money
  3. Few job and education opportunities
  4. Unsafe
  5. War
38
Q

What is a forced migrant?p

A

Someone who is not able to stay in their country

39
Q

What is a refugee?

A

People who flee a country because of persecution. (e.g race, religion, nationality, political opinion)

40
Q

What is an asylum seeker?

A

Someone who is seeking a place of safety in another country, who has applied for protection as a refugee and is waiting for the authorities to decide their status.

41
Q

What’s the difference between a forced migrant and a refugee?

A

Unlike refugees who cannot safely return home, migrants can return, they come to better their lives.

42
Q

What does a larger base and smaller top mean on a population pyramid?

A

It means they have a high birth rate and usually high death rate, usually a less economically developed country

43
Q

What does it mean when the base is small on a population pyramid?

A

It means it has a low death rate these are usually more economically developed countries.

44
Q

What does a population pyramid show?

A

It shows us the life expectancy, the population in millions, how many men and women there are at specific ages and the differences between them.

45
Q

What are the 3 three glacial processes?

A

Erosion, abrasion and freeze-thaw weathering.

46
Q

What is Erosion?

A

The wearing away of the land

47
Q

What is abrasion?

A

The process of scraping or wearing the ground changing the shape also causing striations

48
Q

What is Freeze-Thaw weathering?

A

When there is a crack in a rock, water fills the rock, it freezes and the rock expand so there is a bigger crack. The water melts and leaves the rock, this repeats until the rock splits.

49
Q

What are the 5 glacial landforms?

A

The 5 glacial landforms are an arête, u shaped valley, tarn, pyramidal peak and corrie

50
Q

1) What is an arête?
2) How is it formed?

A

1) An arête is a knife-edged ridge
2) It is often formed between two corries.

51
Q

1) What is a u shaped valley?

A

1) A wide, steep sided valley in the shape of a u that usually has a river going down it.

52
Q

1) What is a pyramidal peak?

A

1) A sharp-edged mountain peak where 3 or more arêtes meet.

53
Q

1) What is a corrie?

A

1) A deep depression (hollow) on a hill side with a steep back wall

54
Q

1) What is a tarn?
2) How is it formed?

A

1) A deep depression (hollow) on a hill side filled with glacial meltwater
2) It’s formed by meltwater collecting at the bottom of corries.

55
Q

What is population?

A

The number of people living in a particular area

56
Q

What is latitude and longitude?

A

Latitudes are horizontal lines that measure distance north or south of the equator. Longitudes are vertical lines that measure east or west of the meridian in Greenwich.

57
Q

What is altitude?

A

the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level.

Geography Yr8 (7 decks)

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