Tectonic Hazards

Question 1

Where do Volcanoes and EQ occur?

Answer 1

Along Tectonic Plates, different areas having more Volcanoes and EQ than others e.g Ring of Fire

Question 2

What happens at Constructive Plate boundary?

Answer 2

The two plates move apart, white causes EQ to occur

Volcanoes can also be formed on this boundary, due to magma flow thorough crust beneath.

Question 3

What happens at Destructive Plate boundary? (Oceanic + Continental)

Answer 3

Oceanic Crust is subducted beneath the less dense continental crust, this causes a build up in friction creating an EQ.

It can also create less fluid magma which means the volcanic eruptions caused here are more violent.

Question 4

What happens at Destructive Plate Boundary? (Continental x2)

Answer 4

The two plates meet and push upwards due to no plate being denser than the other.

Causes fold mountains to occur, and EQ’s - but NO Volcanoes.

Question 5

What happens at Conservative Margins?

Answer 5

Two plates move along side each other and can snag on each other. Which when the pressure is released can cause an EQ.

No volcanoes can occur here

Question 6

How do you measure an EQ?

Answer 6

The Richter Scale - based on seismograph measurements

Seismograph - a mass that will move depending on the seismic activity occurs.

Question 7

Why do some people still live in Tectonically active areas?

Answer 7

1. Geothermal Energy e.g Iceland
2. It can generate Tourism (up to 80% in a country)
3. Plans and schemes to mitigate damage

Question 8

How can you Monitor a Volcano?

Answer 8

1. Remote sensing - Satellites that detect heat and changes to the volcano’s shape.
2. Gas - gas instruments can detect gas movement before Magma rises.
3. Ground deformation - detects change in ground shape around a Volcano using laser beams.

Question 9

How can you Monitor an EQ?

Answer 9

There are no real effective ways to do so

Question 10

How can you Predict Volcanoes?

Answer 10

Predictions are made based on the scientific Monitoring, and volcanic activity increase. 1

Question 11

How can you predict EQ?

Answer 11

It is impossible to make accurate predictions about EQ due to the lack of clear warnings.

However, Scientist can look through records to try and find the areas at greatest risk.

Question 12

How can you Protect against a Volcano?

Answer 12

There is not much that can be done, due to its power, however you can sometimes divert flows of lava.

Question 13

How can you Protect against an EQ?

Answer 13

1. Shock absorbents in foundations
2. Reinforced foundations
3. Walls reinforced with steel
4. Rolling weights on roofs counteract shock.

Question 14

How can you plan for Volcanoes + EQ?

Answer 14

Maps show where areas are at most risk, so important buildings are not placed there.