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Geography (GCSE) > Changing Economic World (Development Gap) > Flashcards

Changing Economic World (Development Gap) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is development?

A

Development means a positive change in living standards and quality of life.

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2
Q

What is meant by Quality of Life?

A

The standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group.

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3
Q

What is meant by Birth Rate and how is it a useful measurement of development?

A

The birth rate is the number of babies being born per 1000/year

It can show whether women are becoming better educated as they have careers instead of children, which lower the birth rate

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4
Q

What is meant by Death Rate and how is it a useful measurement of development?

A

The Death rate is the number of people dying per 1000/year

HIC’s tend to have high death rates due to the ageing population, but LIC’s tend to have lower proportional death rates due to more young people.

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5
Q

How can Infant mortality show the development of a country?

A

Used to measure a countries health care system.

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6
Q

How can doctors per 1000 help show the development of a country?

A

It may indicate the money that the country has in medical services.

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7
Q

How can literacy rates show the development of a country?

A

Can indicate the quality of the countries education system

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8
Q

How can access to safe water show the development of a country?

A

The percentage of access to clean safe water shows how modern or lack of infrastructure the country has.

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9
Q

What is GNI and how can it be used to show development in a country?

A

Gross National Income - can be used to measure the economic development of a country

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10
Q

What is HDI?

A

Human Development Index - A statistical index used to rank the ‘human development’ of countries, on a scale between 0 and 1. Covers life expectancy, education and living standards.

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11
Q

What are the limitations of using economic and social measures to measure the development of a country?

A
  • Data may be out of date or hard to collect
  • Data may be unreliable
  • Focus on certain aspects of development, not the full picture
  • Corrupt governments may produce highly unreliable data
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12
Q

What are the physical reasons for uneven development?

A
  • Landlocked countries - no seaborne trade can occur
  • Climate, worse climate made lead to more diseases e.g malaria which affects populations ability to work
  • Extreme Weather - slow development + hurt infatuate -
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13
Q

What are some economic reasons for uneven development?

A
  • Trade, HICs /TNCs purchase raw materials from LICs cheap and process the materials in a richer country causing most the value of manufacturing to be removed from the developing country.
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14
Q

What are some historical reasons for uneven development?

A
  • Colonialism - created political instability and caused colonised countries to be exploited with no compensation for the raw materials.
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15
Q

What are the consequences of uneven development?

A
  • Disparities in Health - higher infant mortality rates and diseases in LICs
  • Migration - which leads to pressure on services such as education and health and leads to a country losing large amounts of workforce
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16
Q

How does investment help reduce the development gap?

A
  • Development of countries infrastructure
  • Creates new industries and provides employment
  • Improvements to harbours and ports
  • Stimulates multiplier effect
17
Q

How does Aid help reduce the development gap?

A

Only long-term aid can help reduce the development gap:
- Help improve infrastructure e.g education + health care
- Help fund long-term projects of development e.g
roads or electricity

HOWEVER
- Reliance on aid can be a huge negative as the
country will not be able to sustain themselves

18
Q

What is intermediate technology?

A

A sustainable technology that is appropriate to the needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of people. (Will not put people out of work)

19
Q

How does intermediate technology help reduce the development gap?

A
  • Improve small local scale communities as it can help change the quality of peoples lives
20
Q

What is fair trade?

A

When countries do not charge tariffs and restrict others to trade with each other.

WTO (World Trade Organisation) aiming to remove the barrier to help poorer countries trade fairly.

21
Q

How does fair trade help reduce the development gap?

A
  • Guarantees the farmer a fair price
  • The farmer must trade in an environmentally friendly way
  • A farmer gets all money from the sale of his crop
22
Q

What is debt relief?

A

When a country agrees to cancel the debt, as long as the other country agrees to spend saved money on education and health care, as well as there are no signs of corruption in the government.

23
Q

How does debt relief help reduce development gap?

A
  • It may free up money which can be invested in resources and infrastructure.
  • Improve the quality of life

HOWEVER

  • Corrupt governments may keep the money
  • Countries may get further into debt hoping it will get written off
24
Q

What is microfinance?

A

It is small-scale financial support available directly from banks to help the poor.

25
Q

How can microfinance loans help reduce the development gap?

A
  • It allows individuals to set up a small business and help them become self-sufficient
  • Employment will increase and may stimulate multiplier effect
  • Great on a small local scale
26
Q

How has Tourism helped contribute to Jamaica’s development?

A
  • It contributes to about 24% of Jamaica’s GDP
  • The income of tourism is US$2bn per year
  • Cruises increase tourism and make them spend money in the country helping stimulate multiplier effect
27
Q

How has Tourism in Jamaica helped improve employment?

A
  • It has provided 200,000 jobs

- Provides local income which boosts the local economy helping fund businesses etc.

28
Q

How has Tourism in Jamaica helped improve the Infrastructure and Quality of Life?

A
  • Led to high investment in the North helping fund airports helping improve quality of life
  • Jobs created in environmental projects e.g conservation
  • Creation of sustainable ecotourism, which support local communities and environment
29
Q

What are some of the negative impacts of Tourism on Jamacia?

A
  • Mass tourism has created environmental problems such as footpath erosion, excessive waste and harmful emissions.
  • Some people living in poor housing have inadequate access to fresh water, health care and education
  • Improvements to isolated areas of the island have come slow e.g airports or new roads.

Geography (GCSE) (27 decks)

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