Tectonic hazards 2 Flashcards
Chile and Nepal case study.
What are much greater in lower income countries?
Impacts of tectonic hazards on buildings and infrastructure, and subsequently people.
The economic impacts are often higher in…
high income countries.
Chile earthquake date
17th February 2010
Nepal earthquake date
25th April 2015
Chile earthquake magnitude
8.8 on the Richter scale
Nepal earthquake magnitude
7.9 on the Richter scale
What type of plate boundary did the Nepal earthquake take place on?
Collision
What type of plate boundary did the Chile earthquake take place on?
Destructive
How many people were affected by the Nepal earthquake?
8 000 000
How many people were affected by the Chile earthquake?
800 000
How many deaths Chile?
≈500
How many deaths Nepal?
8692
How many injured in Nepal?
20 000
How many injured in Chile?
12 000
How many homes lost in Nepal?
≈3 million
How many homes lost in Chile?
220 000
How many schools destroyed in Nepal?
7000
How many schools destroyed in Chile?
4500
Cost of damage Chile earthquake?
💲30 billion
Cost of damage Nepal earthquake?
💲5 billion
Why was the cost of damage higher in Chile than in Nepal?
The facilities and infrastructure destroyed would’ve been of a higher value than those destroyed in Nepal.
Secondary effects Nepal earthquake.
Avalanche - Mt. Everest - 19 killed, 250 missing
Over 20 000 landslides triggered causing blockades including one at the Indian border which affected supplies of food, medicine, construction, and emergency aid, resulting in more death.
Secondary effects Chile Earthquake
Triggered tsunamis which struck several pacific countries such as Hawaii
Road damage blocked emergency aid.
Immediate responses Nepal earthquake
-Required foreign aid from NGOs
-Rescue teams, medical support, and water provided by the UK, China, and India
-US 💲126 mill raised in international aid
-Half a million tents provided sheltering the homeless
-UN and WHO distributed medical supplies
-30,000 evacuated to Kathmandu
Immediate responses Chile
Key route from Santiago (1500m of road damage) was repaired (temporarily) within 24 hrs
90% of power and water restored within 10 days
30 000 small emergency services build - wooden shelters
Long term responses Chile
Strong government said it would take 4 yrs to fully recover
Strong economy based off copper exports could be rebuilt without the need for much foreign aid.
Long term responses Nepal
Foreign aid required.
Held an international conference to discuss reconstruction and to seek financial support.
Didn’t have the economy to support their own recovery.
______ is hindered by poverty, reliant on aid and support, and their recovery is ongoing.
Nepal
______ responses were rapid an effective.
Chile’s
leading to a lower death toll.
What happened a month after the Chile earthquake?
The Chilean government launched a housing reconstruction plan to help nearly 200,000 households.
How long did the president say it could take to rebuild ports and houses in Chile?
Up to 4 years (which is actually a relatively short period of time).
GDP Chile
38th highest
GDP Nepal
109th highest
What percentage of shops were destroyed in Nepal?
50%
How many were left without access to clean water and sanitation Nepal?
2 million as water tanks and pipes were destroyed.
What did no access to clean water lead to Nepal?
An outbreak of Typhus, killing at least 13 people.
A lack of tools and machinery slowed down efforts where?
Nepal, despite foreign aid.
Environmental impact Chile earthquake
-contamination of rivers and ocean water from damaged sewage treatment plans
Environmental impact Nepal earthquake
-Contaminated water sources
- Loss of forest and farmland due to landslides and avalanches
-Increased sediment in rivers
-Increased risk of flooding downstream from landslides
