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IST > Technology > Flashcards

Technology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Von- Neumann architecture?

A

It is a computer design in which the program is stored in memory with the data

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2
Q

Who and when was it created?

A
  • Alan Turing, and John Von Neumann during the 1930s and 1940s.
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3
Q

What is cpu?

A

Hardware device that carries out the processing in a computer

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4
Q

What is main memory / random access memory?

A

A temporary store for data and instructions (programs).

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5
Q

What is fetch- decode-execute cycle?

A

Sequence of steps carried out repeatedly by a CPU.

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6
Q

What is writing?

A

When the CPU se data to memory to be stored at a given address.

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7
Q

What is reading?

A

When the CPU retrieve retrieve data store at a given address.

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8
Q

What is memory address?

A

Number that uniquely identifies a (memory) storage location.

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9
Q

What is volatile?

A

Memory that is erased when the power is turned off.

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10
Q

What is non- volatile?

A

Memory that is not lost when the power is turned off.

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11
Q

What is read-only memory?

A

Memory that cannot be altered and is not lost when the power is turned off.

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12
Q

What is cache memory?

A

Memory used to make up for difference in speed between two internal components.

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13
Q

What is cache miss?

A

When the date are requested for processing bio component for application is not found in the cache memory.

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14
Q

What is microprocessor?

A

The central unit that executes and manages the instructions passed to it.

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15
Q

What is firmware?

A
  • Programs permanently stored in ROM
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16
Q

What are the 2 firmware?

A

-UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
-BIOS ( Basic Input Output system)

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17
Q

What is virtual memory?

A
  • virtual memory is “pretend memory” stored in the hard disk drive when RAM becomes full.
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18
Q

What is disk thrashing?

A

Very high rate of hard disk access.

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19
Q

What is bus width?

A

The number of wires that make up a bus. This determines the range of binary numbers that can be communicated

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20
Q

What is arithmetic/logic unit?

A

The part of the CPU that performs calculations and logic operations.

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21
Q

What is register?

A

Storage location inside the CPU used to hold an instruction an address or the single item of data.

22
Q

What is control unit?

A

The part of the CPU that organises the actions of the other parts of the CPU.

23
Q

What is clock?

A

An electronic device inside CPU that TICKSAT REGULAR INTERVALS and is used to synchronise the actions of the other parts of the CPU

24
Q

What is GHz?

A

It is the measure of frequency equivalent to thousand million cycles per second.

25
Q

What are the 4 registers?

A
  • Accumulator.
  • Program Counter.
  • Current Instruction.
  • Memory address register.
26
Q

What is R0M?

A

Memory that cannot be altered not lost when the power is turned off.

27
Q

What is the benefit of a fast clock speed?

A

Instructions are processed faster

28
Q

What are the 3 disadvantages of clock speed?

A

-The rate at which transistors operate limited.
- the processor might heat up.
- lock speed of 9 Ghz required cooling by liquid nitrogen.

29
Q

What is a multicore processor?

A

Processor with many processor cores.

30
Q

What is dual core processor?

A

A processor with two processor cores.

31
Q

What is the single core processor?

A

A processor with only one processor cores.

32
Q

What are bottle necks?

A

They are occur when one component cannot work as fast as other components and slow down the process

33
Q

What are the two advantages of a multi core processor?

A

Together on the same program (this is called parallel processing)

34
Q

How a bottle necks caused?

A

In the fetch execute cycle this bottle neck is caused by the main memory that is used to store instructions and data.

35
Q

What is cache?

A

A temporary data store so that the data can be accessed very quickly when needed.

36
Q

What is static RAM

A

memory that retains data in bits in its memory as long as power is being supplied and does not have to be refreshed

37
Q

What is secondary storage

A

Any kind of permanent storage to which contents of rom/ram are copied.

38
Q

What are the three types of secondary storage

A
  1. Magnetic storage
  2. Optical storage
  3. Solid state storage
39
Q

What is Magnetic storage? Give examples of where Magnetic storage is used?

A
  • It is this is a secondary storage which records data by magnetising the surface of a disk. The magnetic coating surface contains North representing (1)and South representing (0).
    Eg : -hard disk Magnetic tape
40
Q

What is optical storage ?give examples of where is used.(3)

A

Optical storage drives work by shining a laser at the media and processing the reflection from the media to read and write data. The surface of the disk stand by the laser creating pits and lands.
Eg: CD-R , RW, DVD-R, Blu- Ray.

41
Q

What is solid state storage? give examples of how it is used.(2)

A

Solid state drive is work by a flow of electricity forcing electrons into floating is between two oxide layers.

42
Q

What are the 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Magnetic storage?

A

AD:
- Cheap
- Large capacity.
DIS:
- Slow access times/data.
- Prove to scratches.

43
Q

What are the 3 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Optical storage?

A

AD:
- Cheap.
- Lightweight.
- Portable.
DIS:
- Slow access times/ data.
- Prone to scratches.

44
Q

What are the 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Solid-state storage?

A

AD:
- Durable.
- Fast access times.
DIS:
- Cost
- Limited read/writes

45
Q

What are the 3 main advantages of Solid state devices compared to others?

A
  • No moving parts, very reliable.
  • No noise, lower power.
  • No need to be defragmented.
46
Q

What is cloud storage?

A

The secondary storage often belonging to a third party that is exist via a network, usually the internet and so is not in the same physical place as the Machines Ram ROM.file stored in a cloud can be access from anywhere via the internet

47
Q

Give two examples of cloud storage?

A

-google drive.
- dropbox.

48
Q

What is internet of things(IoT)

A

The internet connection of digital devices embedded in every day objects.

49
Q

What is virtualization?

A

Any process that he is the true physical nature of a computer resource making it look different usually to simplify the way it is accessed.

50
Q

What are the 3 features of embedded systems?

A
  • lower power consumption.
  • CPU’s with integrated memory.
  • ordinary micro processor.
51
Q

What are the four advantages of cloud storage?

A

-Can access from any device.
- Allow you to easily collaborate on file.
- don’t need to transfer your data.
- provides a backup for files.

52
Q

What are the three disadvantages of cloud storage?

A
  • need an active internet connection to gain access to your files.
  • can be costly.
  • security is a problem.

IST (12 decks)

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