Technology Flashcards
What is Von- Neumann architecture?
It is a computer design in which the program is stored in memory with the data
Who and when was it created?
- Alan Turing, and John Von Neumann during the 1930s and 1940s.
What is cpu?
Hardware device that carries out the processing in a computer
What is main memory / random access memory?
A temporary store for data and instructions (programs).
What is fetch- decode-execute cycle?
Sequence of steps carried out repeatedly by a CPU.
What is writing?
When the CPU se data to memory to be stored at a given address.
What is reading?
When the CPU retrieve retrieve data store at a given address.
What is memory address?
Number that uniquely identifies a (memory) storage location.
What is volatile?
Memory that is erased when the power is turned off.
What is non- volatile?
Memory that is not lost when the power is turned off.
What is read-only memory?
Memory that cannot be altered and is not lost when the power is turned off.
What is cache memory?
Memory used to make up for difference in speed between two internal components.
What is cache miss?
When the date are requested for processing bio component for application is not found in the cache memory.
What is microprocessor?
The central unit that executes and manages the instructions passed to it.
What is firmware?
- Programs permanently stored in ROM
What are the 2 firmware?
-UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
-BIOS ( Basic Input Output system)
What is virtual memory?
- virtual memory is “pretend memory” stored in the hard disk drive when RAM becomes full.
What is disk thrashing?
Very high rate of hard disk access.
What is bus width?
The number of wires that make up a bus. This determines the range of binary numbers that can be communicated
What is arithmetic/logic unit?
The part of the CPU that performs calculations and logic operations.
What is register?
Storage location inside the CPU used to hold an instruction an address or the single item of data.
What is control unit?
The part of the CPU that organises the actions of the other parts of the CPU.
What is clock?
An electronic device inside CPU that TICKSAT REGULAR INTERVALS and is used to synchronise the actions of the other parts of the CPU
What is GHz?
It is the measure of frequency equivalent to thousand million cycles per second.
What are the 4 registers?
- Accumulator.
- Program Counter.
- Current Instruction.
- Memory address register.
What is R0M?
Memory that cannot be altered not lost when the power is turned off.
What is the benefit of a fast clock speed?
Instructions are processed faster
What are the 3 disadvantages of clock speed?
-The rate at which transistors operate limited.
- the processor might heat up.
- lock speed of 9 Ghz required cooling by liquid nitrogen.
What is a multicore processor?
Processor with many processor cores.
What is dual core processor?
A processor with two processor cores.
What is the single core processor?
A processor with only one processor cores.
What are bottle necks?
They are occur when one component cannot work as fast as other components and slow down the process
What are the two advantages of a multi core processor?
Together on the same program (this is called parallel processing)
How a bottle necks caused?
In the fetch execute cycle this bottle neck is caused by the main memory that is used to store instructions and data.
What is cache?
A temporary data store so that the data can be accessed very quickly when needed.
What is static RAM
memory that retains data in bits in its memory as long as power is being supplied and does not have to be refreshed
What is secondary storage
Any kind of permanent storage to which contents of rom/ram are copied.
What are the three types of secondary storage
- Magnetic storage
- Optical storage
- Solid state storage
What is Magnetic storage? Give examples of where Magnetic storage is used?
- It is this is a secondary storage which records data by magnetising the surface of a disk. The magnetic coating surface contains North representing (1)and South representing (0).
Eg : -hard disk Magnetic tape
What is optical storage ?give examples of where is used.(3)
Optical storage drives work by shining a laser at the media and processing the reflection from the media to read and write data. The surface of the disk stand by the laser creating pits and lands.
Eg: CD-R , RW, DVD-R, Blu- Ray.
What is solid state storage? give examples of how it is used.(2)
Solid state drive is work by a flow of electricity forcing electrons into floating is between two oxide layers.
What are the 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Magnetic storage?
AD:
- Cheap
- Large capacity.
DIS:
- Slow access times/data.
- Prove to scratches.
What are the 3 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Optical storage?
AD:
- Cheap.
- Lightweight.
- Portable.
DIS:
- Slow access times/ data.
- Prone to scratches.
What are the 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Solid-state storage?
AD:
- Durable.
- Fast access times.
DIS:
- Cost
- Limited read/writes
What are the 3 main advantages of Solid state devices compared to others?
- No moving parts, very reliable.
- No noise, lower power.
- No need to be defragmented.
What is cloud storage?
The secondary storage often belonging to a third party that is exist via a network, usually the internet and so is not in the same physical place as the Machines Ram ROM.file stored in a cloud can be access from anywhere via the internet
Give two examples of cloud storage?
-google drive.
- dropbox.
What is internet of things(IoT)
The internet connection of digital devices embedded in every day objects.
What is virtualization?
Any process that he is the true physical nature of a computer resource making it look different usually to simplify the way it is accessed.
What are the 3 features of embedded systems?
- lower power consumption.
- CPU’s with integrated memory.
- ordinary micro processor.
What are the four advantages of cloud storage?
-Can access from any device.
- Allow you to easily collaborate on file.
- don’t need to transfer your data.
- provides a backup for files.
What are the three disadvantages of cloud storage?
- need an active internet connection to gain access to your files.
- can be costly.
- security is a problem.
