Summary

Question 1

What are the current capabilities of robots and how are they continuing to improve?

Answer 1

AI in Robotics: Enhancing Human-Robot Interaction and Efficiency

• AI enhances human-robot interaction, collaboration, and quality.
• Co-bots, robots that work alongside humans, are already in use in the industrial sector.
• AI advances help robots mimic human behavior, enhancing their integration into the workforce.
• Robot designers use AI to enhance capabilities like computer vision, manipulation, motion control, and navigation.
• AI also aids in software processes, avoiding flow bottlenecks and process exceptions.
• Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning improve robots’ understanding of their surroundings, patterns, and data, increasing autonomy and reducing reliance on human agents.

Question 2

How can the impact of robots on individuals, the environment and society be measured?

Answer 2

Impact of Robots on Individuals and Environment

Impact on Individuals:
* Job Satisfaction and Performance: Measured through surveys and interviews.
* Productivity Metrics: Compare productivity rates before and after robotic implementation.
* Skills Development: Assessed through training records and surveys on skill confidence.
* Health and Safety: Measured through workplace injury rates, mental health metrics, and physical health data.

Impact on the Environment:
* Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions: Measured through energy efficiency assessments and carbon footprint analysis.
* Waste Management: Tracked e-waste produced from robotics components and compared to traditional machinery.
* Resource Conservation Metrics: Monitored changes in resource usage to gauge sustainability.
* Environmental Monitoring and Restoration: Collect data on reforestation, biodiversity levels, and habitat restoration.

Robotics Education and Impact:
* Tracking demand for robotics-related skills through enrollment rates in relevant courses and training programs.
* Analyzing skill gaps due to robotics adoption through surveys and industry reports.

Impact on Society:
* Job Creation and Loss Analysis: Tracked changes in employment within industries adopting robotics.
* Productivity and Economic Growth Metrics: Monitored increase in productivity and output in sectors where robots are heavily used.
* Wage and Income Disparity: Evaluate if robotics contribute to wage changes.
* Education and Skill Development: Measured through education and skill development.
Robotics Education and Impact:
* Tracking demand for robotics-related skills through enrollment rates in relevant courses and training programs.
* Analyzing skill gaps due to robotics adoption through surveys and industry reports.

Social and Ethical Impact:
* Assessing equitable distribution of robotic technologies.
* Conducting public opinion surveys to gauge trust, acceptance, and attitudes towards robots.
* Examining if companies using robotics adhere to ethical guidelines, including privacy, safety, and worker rights.

Methods for Measurement:
* Data Collection: Quantitative and qualitative data.
* Statistical Analysis: Use tools like regression analysis to find correlations between robotics use and economic or environmental factors.
* Case Studies: Provide in-depth insights into specific applications and outcomes of robotic integration.
* Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs): Help predict and evaluate the impact of robots on ecosystems.

Question 3

What are the requirements for individuals, the environment and society to flourish?

Answer 3

Impact of Industrial Robots on Environmental Pollution

• Industrial robots enable artificial substitution effects in front-end production, replacing manual operation and reducing the use of traditional fuels.
• They apply clean energy to industrial production, reducing the use of traditional fuels.
• Industrial robots can measure a variety of pollutants and have remote unmanned operation and warning functions, reducing the probability of pollution incidents.
• They can upgrade sewage treatment equipment and improve the accuracy of pollution treatment, reducing pollutant emissions.

Mediating Effect of Green Technology Innovation

• Industrial robots promote green technology innovation, integrating internal and external knowledge and promoting the development of green technology innovation activities.
• They can collect and organize data, enabling enterprises to predict production costs and raw material consumption, reducing the use of working capital and inventory backlog.
• Green technology innovation helps use resources better, reduces dependence on old energy, and reduces environmental damage.
• It promotes greening of enterprises in manufacturing, sales, and after-sales, reducing the emission of pollutants in production process.

Question 4

Describe the types of robots
Explain the purpose of robots and the roles they perform.
Investigate the use of robots in a range of situations.

Answer 4

Domestic Robots and Medical Robots Overview

Domestic Robots:
* Designed for household tasks such as cleaning, laundry, and care for elderly or disabled individuals.
* Examples include Roomba vacuum cleaner robot, developed by iRobot, and Wakamaru robot, developed by Mitsubishi.
* Increasing popularity due to demand from older people wanting to live independently.
* Interest in using domestic robots in commercial settings like airports, shopping malls, and hotels.

Medical Robots:
* Developed for healthcare tasks in hospitals, doctors’ surgeries, and ambulances.
* Used for a variety of surgical tasks including tumor removal, needle biopsies, endoscopic operations, and routine tests like blood cell analysis, eye exams, and mammograms.
* Widely used robots include the da Vinci Surgical System, developed by Intuitive Surgical, which allows surgeons to perform minimally invasive surgery through tiny incisions.
* Reduces invasiveness of surgery, limits blood loss, and speeds up procedures, allowing patients to recover quicker.

Industrial Robots
* Used in manufacturing for tasks requiring speed, precision, and endurance.
* Controlled by computers, allowing for pre-programmed actions.
* Use sensors to detect when tasks are completed and stop automatically.
* Safety measures built into robots to prevent injuries.
* Ideal for repetitive tasks and high levels of control.
* Popular on assembly lines for faster product manufacturing.
* Concerns include potential over-reliance and job losses due to automation.

Entertainment Robots
* Designed to entertain audiences.
* Can take various forms, including animatronic toys, clowns, and automated creatures.
* Popular for relaxation, entertainment, and children’s entertainment.
* Affordable and can be controlled remotely.
* Incorporate machine learning for self-learning and self-learning.

Educational Robots
* Designed for schools and educational institutions.
* Help teachers deliver lessons and allow students to explore topics without risk.
* Smaller, safer, and less expensive than larger models.
* Help students learn about machines and explore robotics in a safe, controlled environment.

Question 5

Examine the work of Asimov and discuss the concept of the Laws of Robotics.

Answer 5

Asimov’s Laws on Robotics in 1942

• Three laws: A robot cannot harm a human, obey human orders, and protect its own existence.
• These laws are part of a robot’s inherent nature and are designed to prevent potential danger.
• The first law states that a robot cannot harm a human or allow harm through inaction.
• The second law requires a robot to obey any human instruction, except when it conflicts with the first law.
• The third law requires a robot to avoid actions or situations that could harm itself.
• The laws were created by Isaac Asimov and are considered credible in the field of robotics.
• Asimov’s laws are expected to be the first in the field of reasoning, intelligent robots.

Question 6

What are robots used?
What are the purpose of robots?
How do robots save the time of humans?

Answer 6

For medical, educational, domestic, and industrial reasons.
- robotics, design, construction, and use of machines (robots) to perform tasks done traditionally by human beings. Robots are widely used in such industries as automobile manufacture to perform simple repetitive tasks, and in industries where work must be performed in environments hazardous to humans.
- Robots rarely make mistakes and are more precise than human workers. They can produce a greater quantity in a short amount of time. They can work at a constant speed with no breaks, days off, or holiday time

Question 7

What are some negative impacts of robots?

Answer 7

• Excessive Energy consumption.
• Accelerated Resource Depletion.
• Inequality-Driven Environmental Hazards.

Question 8

Investigate the technical aspects of the real-world use of robots.
Explore the use of robotics in a range of situations.

Answer 8

Robots are used in diverse fields, each requiring unique technical approaches. In manufacturing, robots perform precise, repetitive tasks, using sensors and actuators for automation. Medical robots assist in surgeries, relying on advanced imaging and AI for precision. In agriculture, robots use machine vision and environmental sensors to manage crops and monitor soil health. Logistics robots use navigation algorithms and LiDAR for autonomous movement in warehouses. Defense robots, designed for hazardous environments, use durable materials and remote control systems. These robots integrate hardware (e.g., motors, sensors) with software (e.g., AI, machine learning) to perform specialized tasks efficiently and safely

Question 9

Investigate the use of hardware and software
examine the need for sensors, actuators and computer control
Discuss the need for sensors, actuators and computer control
use software to control the actions of the robot constructed

Answer 9

Automation in Robotics

• Automation involves automating traditional tasks using physical machines or computer software.
• Sensors in Robotics calculate a robot’s condition and environment, based on human sensory organs. such as position, size, orientation, velocity, distance, temperature, weight, force, etc
• Robotic actuators convert stored energy into movement, powered by air, electricity, or liquids.
• Microprocessors, incorporated on a single integrated circuit, reduced processing capacity costs and are used in various devices and systems.
• Microcontrollers govern functions in various devices like vehicles, robots, medical equipment, and appliances, acting as miniature personal computers.

Question 10

Research Task: Research key events in history relating to IST and create a timeline of events in pairs.

Answer 10

The Industrial Revolution: Key Inventions and Their Impact

1044: Compass
* The first magnetic compass was mentioned in a Chinese book in 1044.
* The first mechanical clocks appeared in Europe in the late 13th century.

1455: Printing
* Johannes Gutenberg printed the Bible, marking the first book printed in the West using movable type.
* Gutenberg’s printing press led to an information explosion in Europe.

1765: Steam Engine
* James Watt improved the Newcomen steam engine, making it more efficient.
* The steam engine became a significant invention of the Industrial Revolution.

1804: Railways
* Richard Trevithick built the first railway locomotive.

1807: Steamboat
* Robert Fulton put the steam engine on water, creating the Clermont.

1826/27: Photography
* Nicéphore Niépce made the first known photograph in 1826/27.

1831: Reaper
* Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper revolutionized harvesting crops.

1844: Telegraph
* Samuel Morse patented a prototype in 1837, sending the first message over the first long-distance telegraph line.

1876: Telephone
* Alexander Graham Bell made the first telephone call in 1876.

1876: Internal-combustion Engine
* Nikolaus Otto built an engine that used fuel burning inside the engine to move a piston.

1879: Electric Light
* Thomas Edison developed a carbon-filament light bulb to burn for 13½ hours.

1885: Automobile and Radio Development
* Karl Benz powered the first modern automobile with a one-cylinder engine, but it wasn’t commercially successful until 1888.
* Guglielmo Marconi’s 1901 transmission of the Morse code letter S was a significant milestone.

1903: Airplane
* Orville Wright made the first airplane flight on December 17, 1903.
* Robert Goddard achieved the first test flight of a liquid-fueled rocket in the mid-1920s.

1927: Television
* Philo T. Farnsworth designed the first electronic digital computer in 1927, using binary numbers and capacitors.
* The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was built in 1939.

1942: Nuclear Power
* Enrico Fermi used uranium to produce the first self-sustaining chain reaction in December 1942.

1947: Transistor
* Bell Labs engineers John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley demonstrated the transistor in December 1947, introducing a smaller, less power-consuming electronic device.

1957: Spaceflight
* The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, in October 1957, marking the beginning of the space race.

1974: Personal Computer
* The first personal computer was the Altair, later replaced by the Apple II, the TRS-80, and the Commodore PET.

1973 - 2012-2017 :Internet Evolution and AI Developments

• Internet: TCP/IP, developed by Vernon Cerf and Robert Kahn, outlines data transmission over the Internet.
• CRISPR: CRISPR-Cas9, developed by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier, allows gene editing, potentially treating diseases but raising ethical concerns about creating designer humans.
• Artificial Intelligence: AlphaGo, a machine learning program, became the world’s best go player, surpassing Lee Sedol’s previous victory.
• AlphaGo’s continuous improvement and machine learning have made it superior to any human in the game.

Question 11

Research Task: Students are to research Ada Lovelace, using the internet, and complete the questions in the PPT. Informal Assessment

• Students are to research Bletchley Park and identify the important achievements of Bletchley Park during the Second World War.

Answer 11

Ada Lovelace: A Pioneer in Mathematics and Numbers.
* She was educated privately and self-educated, with assistance from mathematician-logician Augustus De Morgan.
* She married William King, 8th Baron King, and became countess of Lovelace when he was created an earl in 1838.

Lovelace’s Interest in Babbage’s Machines
* Lovelace became interested in Babbage’s machines in 1833.
* She translated and annotated an article by Luigi Federico Menabrea, describing how the proposed Analytical Engine could compute Bernoulli numbers.

Analytical Engine and its Contributions
* Babbage designed and partially built the Analytical Engine, considered the first computer.
* The machine was designed to be a general-purpose, fully program-controlled, automatic mechanical digital computer.
* The machine consisted of four components: the mill, the store, the reader, and the printer.
* The project was more complex than anything before built, with the store large enough to hold 1,000 50-digit numbers.
* Babbage aimed to automate the process as much as possible, even producing printed tables of numbers.The Analytical Engine: A Revolutionary Machine

• The Analytical Engine was a programmable device, allowing data and instructions to be entered on punched cards.
• Ada Lovelace, the first computer programmer, used the machine to calculate Bernoulli numbers.
• The machine also had the ability to execute instructions in other than sequential order, a feature absent in early 20th-century computers.
• Babbage’s design was considered a real computer, but faced implementation problems.
• The engine’s most revolutionary feature was its ability to change its operation by changing the instructions on punched cards.
• Despite not being completed, the Analytical Engine was the first machine to be called a computer.

Question 12

• Students are to research Bletchley Park and identify the important achievements of Bletchley Park during the Second World War.

Answer 12

Bletchley Park: A British Government Cryptological Establishment During WWII

• Bletchley Park, located in Buckinghamshire, England, was a key site for the Ultra intelligence project.
• The project decoded enemy’s secret messages, including those encrypted with German Enigma and Tunny cipher machines.
• The site, acquired by the British government in 1938, was a station of the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS).
• By late 1944, the station had a staff of nearly 9,000, working in three shifts around the clock.
• The staff designed and built equipment, including the bulky electromechanical code-breaking machines called Bombes and the early electronic computer Colossus.
• Despite the importance of the work, Bletchley Park struggled to secure sufficient resources.
• Operations were carried out under strict secrecy, which was not lifted even after the war ended.
• The property is now maintained as a museum.

Question 13

Explore current information and software technologies relevant to Robotics and Automated Systems.

Answer 13

Web-Based Health Communication: A Systematic Review

• The internet has revolutionized communication, replacing traditional methods like letter writing, telephone calls, and face-to-face conversations.
• Health organizations have been exploring strategic communication strategies via social media and websites.
• A systematic review was conducted to summarize evidence on web institutional health communication.
• The review was guided by the PRISMA statement and included studies from 2011 to 2021.
• The most analyzed aspects were engagement and message framing.
• Few studies focused on campaign effectiveness.
• The Kmet evaluation was used to distinguish studies with a solid structure from those lacking.
• The findings suggest no single strategy is optimal for web-based health care communication due to extreme variability of outcomes and lack of a unitary measure for assessing end points.

Question 14

Assess the effects of current information and software technologies on the individual, society and the environment for Robotics and Automated Systems.

Question 15

Evaluate the appropriateness of current information and software technology for specific purposes

Answer 15

1835 – Morse Code invented by Samuel Morse

1838 – Electric Telegraph invented by Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse

1843 – Typewriter invented by Charles Thurber

1877 – Microphone invented by Emile Berliner

1888 – Hertz produces radio waves

1893 – Wireless communication invented by Nikola Tesla

1895 – Radio signals invented by Guglielmo Marconi

1898 – Remote control invented by Nikola Tesla

1907 – Radio amplifier invented by Lee DeForest

1919 – James Smathers develops the first electric typewriter

1923 – Electronic Television invented by Philo Farnsworth

1933 – FM radio is patented by inventor Edwin H. Armstrong

1937 – Alan Turing conceptualises the computing machine

1948 – One of the first programmable computers, the Manchester Mark 1 designed by Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Tootill

1951 – MIT’s Whirlwind becomes the first computer in the world to allow users to input commands with a keyboard

1956 – Optical fibre invented by Basil Hirschowitz, C. Wilbur Peters, and Lawrence E. Curtis

– The hard disk drive invented by IBM

1958 – Silicon Chip: the first integrated circuit is produced by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce

1959 – The first photocopier, the Xerox Machine enters the consumer market

1961 – Optical disc invented by David Paul Gregg

1963 – Computer mouse invented by Douglas Engelbart

– Cloud computing invented by Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider

1967 – Hypertext software invented by Andries Van Dam and Ted Nelson

1971 – E-mail invented by Ray Tomlinson

– Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) invented by James Fergason

– Floppy Disk invented by David Noble

– First commercially available microprocessor, the Intel 4004 is invented

1972 – The first video game console designed for use on TV’s is invented – the Magnavox Odyssey

1973 – Ethernet invented by Bob Metcalfe and David Boggs

– Personal computer invented by Xerox

1976 – The inkjet digital printer is invented by Hewlett-Packard

1982 – WHOIS (pronounced who is) is released as one of the earliest domain search engines

1984 – The first laptop computer enters the commercial market

1989 – World Wide Web (the internet) invented by Sir Tim-Berners Lee

1990 – A student at McGill University in Montreal develops the first search engine named Archie

1992 – Complete I.T. Founded

1993 – Benny Landau unveils the E-Print 1000 as the world’s first digital colour printing press

– Xerox 914 is released as the first successful commercial plain paper copier

1996 – The Nokia 9000 Communicator is released in Finland as the first internet enabled mobile device

1998 – Google established

– PayPal is launched, enabling large scale payment via the internet

2000 – Microsoft develop the first tablet computer

2001 – Digital Satellite Radio

– Apple releases the iPod

2003 – WordPress, an open source website content management system is launched by Mike Little and Matt Mullenweg

– LinkedIn is established

2004 – Emergence of Web 2.0 – Humans move away from consumers of internet material to active participation

– Facebook established by Mark Zuckerberg

2005 – USB Flashdrives replace floppy disks

– Google Analytics established

– YouTube is launched as a video platform

2006 – Twitter is launched to the public

2007 – Apple Inc. debuts the iPhone

– Amazon releases the Kindle, marking a new era in reading and book technology

2009 – Bitcoin is developed by unknown programmers under the name of Satoshi Nakamoto

2010 – Apple debuts the iPad

– The beginning of responsive website design

2011 – 22 nanometre computer chips enter mass production

2012 – Quad-core smartphones and tablets are releases, offering faster processing power

2014 – 14 nanometre computer chips are released

– The market for smart watches reaches 5 million

2015 – Apple releases the Apple Watch

2016 – Supercomputers reach 100 petaflops

– Mobile devices overtake wired devices as a means of using the internet

2017 – 10 nanometre chips enter service

2018 – AI first publicly emerged alongside 5G technology

2019 – Google released Quantum Supremacy, a machine running on quantum mechanics that can answer questions that would confuse even the world’s top supercomputer

– Sharp acquires Complete I.T.

2020 – Chatbot-technology and text-producing AI GPT-3 was released.

– The COVID-19 pandemic accelerates digital transformation, leading to remote work and online education

2021 – GitHub Copilot, a programmer assistant AI, was released

– Continued development of electric vehicles (EVs) with advancements in battery technology.

2022 – Chatbot and text-generating AI, ChatGPT is released, Expansion of Metaverse concepts

2023 – Microsoft released ChatGPT-powered Bing

Question 16

List as many current technologies you can think of
What are some social trends that are influenced by technological changes?
The way computing is extending more into our existing physical world
The way in which fields of human knowledge will coverage in the same way as technologies
The increasing influence of networked individuals as a result of the power of the internet

Answer 16

Current Technologies and Influences on Social Trends

Artificial Intelligence (AI): * Machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision.

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)
* AR apps, VR headsets, metaverse platforms.

5G and 6G Networks:* High-speed mobile data, IoT connectivity.

Internet of Things (IoT):* Smart home devices, connected appliances, industrial IoT.

Blockchain and Cryptocurrency:* Decentralized finance (DeFi), NFTs, smart contracts.

Quantum Computing:* Quantum processors, cryptography applications.

3D Printing (Additive Manufacturing):* Custom manufacturing, medical implants.

Drones and Robotics:* Autonomous drones, delivery robots, manufacturing robots.

Autonomous Vehicles:* Self-driving cars, autonomous trucking.

Wearable Technology :* Fitness trackers, smartwatches, health-monitoring devices.

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering:* CRISPR, gene editing, synthetic biology.

Cloud Computing:* SaaS, data storage, cloud-based AI.

Cybersecurity Advancements :* AI-driven cybersecurity, biometric security.

Voice Assistants
* Alexa, Siri, Google Assistant.

Smart Cities and Infrastructure :* Connected transportation, smart grids, urban monitoring.

Social Trends Influenced by Technological Changes
* Remote work and digital nomadism.
* Personalization in consumer goods.
* Health and wellness tracking.
* Environmental consciousness.
* Digital activism and social movements.
* E-Learning and online education.
* Privacy and security concerns.

Gig and Sharing Economy
* Platforms like Uber and Airbnb support freelance work and asset-sharing.

Computing Extending into the Physical World
* IoT, wearable devices, and smart city infrastructure.

Convergence of Fields of Knowledge with Technology
* AI enhancing healthcare, finance, and environmental science.
* Biotechnology merging with IT in genomics and synthetic biology.

Influence of Networked Individuals Due to the Internet
* Global networking, crowdfunding, remote collaboration, and decentralized governance.

Question 17

Success Criteria:
Explore the use of robotics in a range of situations and investigate the use of hardware and software
Understand programming languages (python)
Solve a range of problems and perform a range of skills using python.

Answer 17

The field of robotics has seen vast advancements, combining hardware and software to solve real-world problems in diverse settings. Below, I’ll break down how robotics is used in various situations, explore the hardware and software involved, and highlight how Python plays a significant role in programming robots to perform specific tasks and solve challenges.

1. Robotics in Diverse Applications
   Robotics is applied in numerous fields, each requiring a unique approach to design, programming, and problem-solving:

Manufacturing and Automation: Robots are extensively used in manufacturing to improve productivity, safety, and precision. Assembly-line robots perform repetitive tasks with high accuracy, such as welding, assembling parts, and packaging. These robots typically use sensors and actuators to handle materials and perform actions. (CAM/CAD/CIM/CNC)

Healthcare and Surgery: Medical robots assist in surgeries, patient care, and rehabilitation. For instance, surgical robots allow doctors to perform minimally invasive procedures with precision, while robots in rehabilitation help patients regain mobility. (

Agriculture: Agricultural robots are designed for planting, watering, weeding, and harvesting crops. They help in reducing labor costs and increasing yields. Many of these robots use AI to detect weeds, analyze soil quality, and monitor crop health.

Logistics and Warehousing: Robots in logistics automate tasks such as sorting, picking, and packing. Autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) navigate warehouses to deliver goods, while drone technology helps in transporting items over longer distances.

Defense and Security: Robots are used in defense to handle tasks like bomb disposal, surveillance, and search and rescue. These robots need to be durable, flexible, and capable of navigating challenging environments. They are often controlled remotely or programmed to operate autonomously.

Space Exploration: NASA and other space agencies use robots to explore planets, collect samples, and transmit data back to Earth. These robots are programmed for autonomous operation due to limited human control over vast distances.

2. Hardware and Software in Robotics
   Robots rely on a blend of hardware (the physical components) and software (the instructions guiding actions):

Hardware Components:

Sensors: Gather data from the environment, such as cameras, ultrasonic sensors, LiDAR, and temperature sensors.
Actuators: Convert electrical signals into mechanical movement, such as motors and servo mechanisms.
Microcontrollers and Microprocessors: Process data and execute commands. Common microcontrollers include Arduino and Raspberry Pi, which can run Python for basic tasks.
Power Source: Batteries or direct electrical sources power robots.
Software and Control Systems:

Operating Systems: Robots can run on custom real-time operating systems (RTOS) or more general ones like Linux, which is often used with the Robot Operating System (ROS).
Programming Languages: Python, C++, and Java are common. Python is particularly popular for its simplicity and versatility, especially for AI and machine learning applications.
Algorithms and AI: Robotics software uses algorithms for navigation, vision processing, object detection, and more. Machine learning and computer vision, often powered by Python libraries like TensorFlow, OpenCV, and PyTorch, are used for tasks like object recognition.

3. Python for Solving Robotics Problems
   Python’s simplicity and rich library ecosystem make it a powerful tool for robotics programming. Here are a few examples of how Python is applied to solve robotics problems:

Robot Control: Python scripts can control a robot’s movement, enabling it to navigate through an environment by controlling motors based on sensor input.
Computer Vision: Python’s OpenCV library allows robots to “see” by analyzing images from cameras. This is essential for tasks like object detection, face recognition, and visual navigation.
Machine Learning and AI: Python libraries like TensorFlow and scikit-learn can help robots make data-driven decisions, classify objects, and even learn from new data to improve performance.
Sensor Data Processing: Python can collect and process data from sensors, which is useful in feedback loops to help robots adjust their behavior in real time.

Question 18

Success Criteria:
Describe the internet.
Develop a timeline depicting key historical events.

Answer 18

• The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices.
  Internet History and Developments

1968: BBN Unveils Interface Message Processor (IMP) Specifications
* BBN wins ARPANET contract.
* UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, University of California-Santa Barbara, and University of Utah install nodes.
* The first message is “LO” due to a system crash.

Internet Nodes and Networking
* Internet nodes represent network connection points.
* Ray Tomlinson introduces network email in 1972.
* The Internet Working Group (INWG) forms to establish standard protocols.
* The University College of London and Royal Radar Establishment connect to ARPANET in 1973.
* The first Internet Service Provider (ISP) is introduced with Telenet.
* Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn publish “A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection” in 1974.
* Queen Elizabeth II sends her first email in 1976.

1980-1990: Computer Science Network (CSNET)
* NSF grants CSNET to provide networking services to university computer scientists.
* TCP/IP emerges as the protocol for ARPANET.
* Domain Name System (DNS) establishes.edu,.gov,.com,.mil,.org,.net, and.int system for naming websites.
* William Gibson uses “Neuromancer” in 1984.

1985: Symbolics.com becomes the first registered domain.
* NSFNET goes online to connected supercomputer centers at 56,000 bits per second.
* The number of hosts on the internet exceeds 20,000 in 1987.
* World.std.com becomes the first commercial provider of dial-up access in 1989.

1990–2000: HyperText Markup Language (HTML) Development
* Tim Berners-Lee develops HTML in 1990.
* CERN introduces the World Wide Web in 1991.
* First audio and video are distributed over the internet in 1992.
* Number of websites reaches 600 in 1993.
Internet Evolution and Developments

1993: National Science Foundation’s Initiative
* The National Science Foundation outlines a new internet architecture for commercial use.

1994: Netscape Communications: Microsoft creates a Web browser for Windows 95.
* Yahoo!, created by Jerry Yang and David Filo, is incorporated in 1995.

1995: Compuserve, America Online, and Prodigy provide internet access.
* Amazon.com, Craigslist, and eBay go live.

1995: Match.com: The first online dating site.

1996: Browser War: Microsoft and Netscape battle for control of the internet.

1997: Netflix: Founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph.
* Netflix has over 200 million subscribers in 2022.

1997: PC makers can remove or hide Microsoft’s internet software on new versions of Windows 95.

1998: Google search engine is born.

1998: Internet Protocol version 6 introduced.

1999: AOL buys Netscape.

2000–2010: Dot-com bubble bursts and Napster’s emergence.

2001: A federal judge shuts down Napster.

2003: SQL Slammer worm spreads worldwide.

2004: Facebook goes online and social networking begins.

2005: YouTube.com and Reddit are founded.

2006: AOL changes its business model, offering most services for free and relying on advertising.

2010–2020: Facebook reaches 400 million active users.

2011: Twitter and Facebook play a large role in the Middle East revolts.

2012: Obama’s administration opposes Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect Intellectual Property Act.

Question 19

Examine features of an intranet.
Compare an intranet with the internet.

Answer 19

Intranet vs Internet explained
An intranet is a local, private network that only people within an organization can access. It’s a restricted network mainly used to share files and information securely within an organization.

The internet is a global collection of computer networks known as the World Wide Web. This network is accessible to anyone.

What is the difference between the internet and intranet?
The internet and the intranet are both online networks. Their core framework is provided by internet protocol and World Wide Web standards.

The main difference between the intranet and the internet comes down to access.

The internet is a global collection of computer networks. It’s an open network, accessible to anyone with a device and an internet connection.

In contrast, the intranet is a closed, online network, only accessible to company employees. Employees use some form of login to access the company intranet.

Question 20

Create a definition of the terms ‘Internet’ and ‘Intranet’
Students will then conduct research to identify key historical events regarding the internet (WWW; ARPANET etc.) and in pairs,

Answer 20

Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected networks that enables information to be exchanged and shared.

An intranet is a private network contained within an enterprise that is used to securely share company information and computing resources among employees

Question 21

SC: Assess emerging technologies and their impact

Answer 21

Emerging Technology Conditions
* Identifying a problem and related innovation that addresses it, often in conjunction.
* The technology must have significant potential impact, often extending beyond the initial problem.
* The technology must be feasible given available resources.
* The technology must navigate risks related to development and adoption, such as rapid development and adoption.

Internet Evolution and Developments

1993: National Science Foundation’s Initiative
* The National Science Foundation outlines a new internet architecture for commercial use.

1994: Netscape Communications: Microsoft creates a Web browser for Windows 95.
* Yahoo!, created by Jerry Yang and David Filo, is incorporated in 1995.

1995: Compuserve, America Online, and Prodigy provide internet access.
* Amazon.com, Craigslist, and eBay go live.

1995: Match.com: The first online dating site.

1996: Browser War: Microsoft and Netscape battle for control of the internet.

1997: Netflix: Founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph.
* Netflix has over 200 million subscribers in 2022.

1997: PC makers can remove or hide Microsoft’s internet software on new versions of Windows 95.

1998: Google search engine is born.

1998: Internet Protocol version 6 introduced.

1999: AOL buys Netscape.

2000–2010: Dot-com bubble bursts and Napster’s emergence.

2001: A federal judge shuts down Napster.

2003: SQL Slammer worm spreads worldwide.

2004: Facebook goes online and social networking begins.

2005: YouTube.com and Reddit are founded.

2006: AOL changes its business model, offering most services for free and relying on advertising.

2010–2020: Facebook reaches 400 million active users.

2011: Twitter and Facebook play a large role in the Middle East revolts.

2012: Obama’s administration opposes Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect Intellectual Property Act.

Novelty and Rapid Growth in Technology
* Novelty: New inventions or fresh applications.
* Rapid Growth: Evolving and improving rapidly.
* Impact: Disrupting industries and creating new ones.
* Uncertainty: Difficulty in predicting long-term effects.

Question 22

Success Criteria:
Assess the use of the internet for communication in a variety of situations
Discuss advantages and limitations of search engines.
Use search engines to undertake internet research
Describe browser and authoring software
Use these applications for a range of activities

Answer 22

Digital Transformation with Cloud Integration: Supplying Contextual Information in Real Time

• The internet has revolutionized business communication, with new tools like email, instant messaging, and messaging apps like WhatsApp and Messenger.
• Remote and hybrid work has become common, reducing overhead costs and allowing businesses to work from home.
• Internet marketing has enabled businesses to monitor customer needs globally, requiring businesses to understand and meet their needs.
• Digital advertising has expanded the reach of businesses, enabling them to reach millions of potential customers.
• Internet-based events like webinars have simplified collaboration with other businesses and professionals.
• High-speed internet has added capabilities for businesses, including virtual tours, large graphic files, and digital presentations.
• Mobile internet access allows businesses to reach potential customers 24/7, enabling them to reach their audiences and make their locations easily accessible.
• The internet provides immediate access to information, making it easier for businesses to find necessary information and services.
• Business automation has become a major trend, automating tasks that traditionally required a workforce, saving money and making operations more efficient.
• Web-based applications have been developed, reducing infrastructure costs for companies.

Question 23

Discuss advantages and limitations of search engines.
Use search engines to undertake internet research
Describe browser and authoring software
Use these applications for a range of activities

Answer 23

Personalized Search Engines: Advantages and Disadvantages

DISADVANTAGES:
* Same result for all users with the same query.
* Difficulty in finding relevant content.
* Time-consuming for users.

Advantages:
* Different search results based on user’s choice and information needs.
* Utilizes user information and search context for query learning.
* Saves user’s searching time by providing results according to their interests.

Question 24

Learning Strategies:
Review the PRE-WORK on Tim-Berner’s Lee

Answer 24

Sir Tim Berners-Lee: A Pioneer in Web Technology
* Invented the World Wide Web in 1989 and wrote the first web client and server in 1990.
* Co-founded Inrupt.com, promoting and developing the open source Solid platform.
* Founder, Emeritus Director, and Honorary Member of the Board of Directors of the World Wide Web Consortium and the World Wide Web Foundation.
* Emeritus 3Com Founders Professor of Engineering at the School of Engineering and Honorary Student at Christ Church, University of Oxford.
* Professor in the Computer Science Department and President of the Open Data Institute in London.
* Received international awards including the Japan Prize, Prince of Asturias Foundation Prize, Millennium Technology Prize, and Germany’s Die Quadriga award.
* Won the Seoul Peace Prize in 2022 for his work promoting data sovereignty and “decentralizing” the web.

Question 25

difference between operating systems and utility software.
Work through the PPT on browser and authoring software

Answer 25

Operating systems control the computer hardware and act as an interface with application programs. Utility software helps to manage, maintain and control computer resources.

Question 26

Examine the features and strategies used in designing websites.
Critically analyse websites
Identify a homepage within a website
Create a homepage

Teaching Strategies:
Work through the attached worksheet including:
Website Components: Using the school website, class discussion had on the key features of a homepage including; Formatting, Index, Links, Colour, Information, etc. Create a list of the most important aspects of a homepage
Evaluation of Websites: Evaluate two appropriate websites of your choosing based on the below criteria and then create a PMI chart for each. We will work through the first one as a class.
Website Development: In small groups, create a website using Google Sites that is going to be promoting your favourite Band/Artists worldwide tour. The page should include:
A home page
Appealing colours
A Hyperlink
Images

Answer 26

Website Design Principles and Strategies

User Experience (UX)
* Emphasizes usability and intuitive navigation.
* Includes logical page hierarchy, clear headings, and a straightforward menu.
* Emphasizes quick load times, mobile responsiveness, and minimal distractions.

Aesthetic Design
* A visually appealing website attracts users.
* Features harmonious color scheme, font consistency, and high-quality imagery.

Call to Action (CTA)
* Strategically placed CTAs guide users towards desired actions.
* Effective CTAs are prominent, persuasive, and visible without scrolling.

Responsive Design
* The website should look good on various screen sizes.
* Adjusts layouts, fonts, and images for mobile, tablet, and desktop views.

Content Layout and Hierarchy
* Organizes content into clear sections.
* Hierarchical layout helps users scan pages quickly and locate relevant information.

Accessibility
* Makes the site accessible for users with disabilities.

Critical Analysis of Websites
* Considers visual appeal, navigation and user flow, content quality, loading speed and performance, mobile optimization, and accessibility features.

Identifying a Homepage
* Includes core information, main navigation, centralized CTAs, and introduction to content.

Creating a Homepage
* Incorporates header with logo and navigation, hero section with CTA, about or intro section, and featured content/services.

Question 27

What are the Key benefits and applications of Robotics?

Answer 27

Robotics: Key Benefits and Applications

• High Productivity: Robots ensure high productivity and quality of work, with low error rates and higher efficiency. They reduce time and increase work speed.
• High Safety: Robots eliminate the need for humans in risky environments, providing safety for complex and dangerous tasks.
• Accuracy: Robots perform precision-based tasks without risk of errors, proving useful in medical and military sectors.