Network Flashcards
What is a network?
an arrangement of computers and other devices connected together to share resources.
What is network service?
- an app running on a server that provides facilities / operations such as data storage, printing pr communications.
What are the 5 advantages of networks?
- Users can share files
- Users can share peripherals: printers and connections to other networks.
- Users can access their files from any computer on the network.
- Servers can control security, software updates and backup of data.
- Communication with other people, eg: email and social networking
What are the 3 types of different types of networks?
Local area network
Wide area network
Personal area network
What is LAN?
A local area network is a network that covers a relatively small geographical area, often a single site.
What is WAN?
Wide area network - a network that covers a large geographical area. it connects two or more LANs and is usually under shared ownership.
What is WLAN?
A wireless local area network is a local area network in which connected devices use high frequency radio waves to communicate.
What is PAN?
personal area network is a network used for data transmission over short distances by computer devices, such as laptops, mobile phones, tablets, media players, speakers and printers.
What is Bluetooth?
a protocol for the short-range wireless interconnection of mobile phones, computers and other electronic devices.
What are the two main models relating to computer networks?
- client-server network
- peer-to-peer networks
What is the client-server network?
a network that has at least one server to provide services to the client computers
What is the peer-to-peer network?
a network that doesn’t have any dedicated servers. Each computer in the network can act as a client.
What is network topology?
describes how the devices on a network are connected together.
What are the four network topologies?
- bus.
- ring.
- star.
- mesh.
What is the internet?
- a worldwide system of interconnected networks that enables information to be exchanged and shared.
What is communication media?
- communication media are how the means by which data is transmitted between devices on a network.
(coaxial cable, fibre optic cable, and microwaves are all forms)
What are the two ways that computers can be connected together to form a network?
- wired.
- wirelessly.
How are the characteristics of wired and wireless networks impact on performance?
- speed.(wired more than wireless)
- range.(wireless more than wired)
- latency. (wireless more than wired)
- bandwidth.(wired more than wireless)
- bit error rate/ rate of corruption.(wireless more than wired)
What are the 3 types of communication media?
- coaxial cable.
- fibre -optic cable.
- copper cable.
What is the protocol?
Eavesdrop?
- a set of rules that govern how communications on a network should be formatted and what data they should include.
- eavesdrop having unauthorized sight of data being sent from one computer to another over a network.
What are the 4 disadvantages of networking?
- Increased security risks to data.
-Malware and viruses spread very easily between computers, - If a server fails, the computers connected to it may not work.
- The computer may run more slowly if there is a lot of data traveling on the network.
What are the 3 benefits of being able to measure the speed of a network?
- allows you to discover whether an equipment upgrade is necessary,
- estimate how long it will take to download a file.
- discover whether actual performance lives up to the promises made by the service provider.
How to calculate the time needed to transmit a file?
- Convert file size from megabytes to bits.
- Convert the transmission speed from Mbps to bits per second.
File size in bits --------------------------------------- transimission speed for bits per second (Mbps-- bps)
What is latency?
latency is the delay encountered by data travelling through a network.
What are the 3 steps in how client-server networks work?
- Connection Establishment:
Step 1: Request from Client: The client initiates a request for information or service by sending a request to the server. This request is in the form of a specific command or data query.
Step 2: Server Response: Upon receiving the request, the server processes it and sends back a response. This response could be the requested information or an acknowledgment of the command execution.
Data Transmission:
Step 3: Data Exchange: Once the connection is established, the client and server engage in data transmission. The client might send further requests for additional information or services, and the server responds .
Termination of Connection:
Step 4: Session Termination: When the client no longer requires services the client initiates the termination of the connection.
Step 5: Closing Connection: The server acknowledges the termination request, and both the client and server close the connection.
What are the 3 features of client-to-server?
limitations.
- cannot switch roles.
- back up and store data centrally.
- provide centralized control.
- can be expensive and difficult to run.
What are the 5 features of peer-to-peer?
- no dedicated servers.
- each computer is equally in responsible and each can work as a both client and a server.
- each computer is responsible for data.
- simpler to set up and maintain
- no managed security and back up
What are the 4 advantages of bus topology? 3 disadvantages of bus topology?
Ad:
- less cable is needed.
- no specialized device.
- simple to set up,
- Easy to add new device.t
Dis:
- if bus fails then no devices can communicate,
- data collisions occur, lowering performance.
- security issue as all devices receive all data packets sent
What are the 4 advantages of Ring topology? 3 disadvantages of ring topology?
Ad:
- No specialized device (like a hub or a switch)
- Simple to understand and set up.
- no data collisions as only the token is sent around.
What are the 4 advantages of star topology? 3 disadvantages of star topology?
Ad:
- if one cable or device fails the other devices will be unaffected.
- cables aren’t shared so few data collisions
- high performance.
- easy to add new devices.
Dis:
- expensive to install, due to lots of cabling and central device.
- central device may slow down the network.
- if central device fails, then so will the whole network.
What are the 4 advantages of mesh topology? 3 disadvantages of mesh topology?
Ad:
- if one cable stops working there are backup services.
- fast as they can communicate directly.
- few data collisions will occur.
Dis:
- if the bus fails then no devices can communicate.
- data collisions occur lowering performance.
- security issue as all devices receive all the data packets sent.
What are the 4 advantages of wired connections? 3 disadvantages of wired connections?
Ad:
- speed: faster than wireless connectivity.
- security: not easy to intercept or eavesdrop on data.
- Reliability: less susceptible to interference than wireless connectivity.
- Stability: there may often not be any congestion.
Dis:
- expensive to install and reconfigure.
- Limited Mobility as it requires many cables at a premise.
- Vulnerability to Physical Damage: Wired connections are susceptible to damage from physical factors.
What are the 4 advantages of wireless connections? 3 disadvantages of wireless connections?
Ad:
- No need for a cable to connect devices or to the Internet.
- Allow users to use their own device.
- A wider range of devices can communicate with each other.
Dis :
- Data transmission speeds can be slow.
- there can be interference from other wireless devices can adversely affect performance.
- data needs to be encrypted in order to prevent eavesdropping or interception.
What are protocols?
protocols are a set of rules that control how communication between devices are formatted.
What are email protocols?
this protocol controls how emails are transported from one device to another.
What are the 3 main email protocols used?
- SMTP - simple mail transfer protocol.
- POP3 - post office protocol.
- IMAP - internet message access protocol.
What are the 3 network protocols?
- Ethernet.
- Wi-fi
- TCP/IP
What is the ethernet?
- Ethernet is a family of protocols that are used in wired LANS.
What is Wi-Fi?
-Wi - fi is digital communications protocol that sets out how data is transmitted on wireless LANs.
What is TCP?
- Transmission Control Protocol provides a reliable connection between computers.
What is TCP/ IP?
- TCP/ IP (transmission control protocol/ Internet Protocol) is a protocol stack it is a collection of protocols that will work together.
What are the comparisons of characteristics of wired and wireless networks on performance? a. Range b. Latency
a. Wireless connections have a far shorter range than wired.
b. Latency tends to be worse with wireless connections over wired-latency
What is a packet?
- a small quantity of data being sent through network.
What are the protocol layers in TCP/IP?
- Application.
- Transport.
- Internet.
- Link.
What is web server?
-it is a powerful computer system that stores web pages and any multimedia that the pages might contain.
What are the 6 protocols of the application layer?
- FTP
- HTTP
- HTTPS
- SMTP
- POP
- IMAP
What are the benefits using networking layers?
- it makes the overall model easier to understand.
- each layer is specialized to perform a particular function.
- Different layers can be combined in different ways.
- one layer can be developed or changed without affecting the other layers.
- makes it easier to identify and correct networking errors.
- provides a universal standard for hardware and software.
