techniques of behaviour change

Question 1

health behaviour

Answer 1

“Any activity undertaken by an individual believing himself to be healthy, for the purpose of preventing disease or detecting it at an asymptomatic stage”

Question 2

parts of the COM-B model

Answer 2

capability
motivation
opportunity

Question 3

what are behaviour change techniques

Answer 3

A systematic strategy used in an attempt to change behaviour

Techniques vs. interventions

Question 4

examples of behaviour change techniques

Answer 4

Examples
Providing information on consequences
Prompting specific goal setting
Prompting barrier identification
Modelling the behaviour
Planning social support

Question 5

what is behaviour change taxonomy (BCT)

Answer 5

26 behaviour change techniques (Michie et al., 2008) initially, since expanded to 93! (Michie et al., 2013)
A “common language” to describe the techniques that make up an intervention
Lists for specific behaviours e.g. smoking, alcohol intake

Question 6

BCT clusters

Answer 6

draw diagram

Question 7

how do we choose our BCT

Answer 7

Behavioural target specification
Behavioural diagnosis
Intervention strategy selection
Implementation strategy selection
Selection of specific BCTs

Question 8

popular behaviour change techniques

-self monitoring

Answer 8

An individual keeping a record of target behaviours
Additional information recorded can help to identify barriers e.g. mood, weather
Time-consuming over the long term
Role in increasing physical activity and healthy eating studied (Michie et al., 2009)

Question 9

define motivational interviewing

Answer 9

A person-centred counselling style for addressing the common problem of ambivalence about change.

Question 10

motivational interviewing

-clinician

Answer 10

Clinician:
MI ‘Spirit’
MI-consistent behaviours
MI-inconsistent behaviours
Using specific techniques

Question 11

motivational interviewing

-clients

Answer 11

Clients
Change Talk/Intention
Stage of Change e.g. readiness to change
Co-operation, engagement or disclosure (client engagement/involvement)
Resistance to change (client resistance)
Self-confidence
Sense of discrepancy

Question 12

transtheoretical (stages of change) model

Answer 12

draw

Question 13

implementation intentions

Answer 13

AKA Action Plans
Request an individual to think about critical situations to act and appropriate responses within those situations
IF-THEN

Question 14

point of incentives

Answer 14

Cost-effective
Raise awareness
Bring individuals into contact with health services allowing earlier screening and treatment of illness
Can be effective in changing health and clinical behaviours, thus preventing disease and reducing costs associated with disease.

Question 15

limitations of reinforcement programmes

Answer 15

Lack of generalization (only affects behaviour regarding the specific trait that is being rewarded).

Poor maintenance (rapid extinction of the desired behaviour once the reinforcer disappears)

Impractical and expensive.

Question 16

Is it better to change multiple behaviours at one time?

Answer 16

Targeting multiple behaviours at the same time may lead to greater overall change but sub-additivity is an issue

Question 17

Are interventions that comprise more BCTs effective?

Answer 17

Yes, to a degree

Moderately complex interventions combining a small number of techniques might be most useful

Question 18

Does tailoring educational materials to individual result in larger changes?

Answer 18

Yes – small benefit on effectiveness of behavioural interventions (review of 57 studies)

Question 19

summary:
A large number of BCTs are available
_______appear to be more effective than _________.
___________ appears to be among most effective of specific techniques
Models of health behaviour can be useful in determining (i) ________ (ii) ________

Answer 19

A large number of BCTs are available
Active interventions appear to be more effective than passive interventions
Self-monitoring appears to be among most effective of specific techniques
Models of health behaviour can be useful in determining (i) intervention function(s) and (ii) which techniques to apply for a specific health behaviour