techniques Flashcards
What are the 3 types of nouns?
Proper
Abstract
Concrete
What is a proper noun?
Refers to a place or persons name (James, England)
What is an abstract noun?
Refers to states, feelings and concepts that do not have a physics existence (love, anger)
What is a concrete noun?
Refers to objects that have a physical existence.
Countable (can be pluralised = cup)
Non-countable (do not take the plural form = furniture)
What are the 4 types of verbs?
Material
Relational
Mental
Verbal
What is a material verb?
Show actions or events
What is a relational verb?
Identity properties or shows states of being (be, appear, seem, become)
What is a mental verb?
Shows internal processes such as thinking (think, believe, wish)
What is a verbal verb?
Shows external processes of communication through speech (say, shout, scream, whisper)
What are the 3 types of adjectives/adverbs?
Base
Comparative
Superlative
What is a base adjective/adverb?
The base form of an adjective/adverb, modifying another word (big, interesting, carefully)
What is a comparative adjective-adverb?
A from used to compare two instances either adding ‘er’ or using ‘more’ (parcel was bugger, more interesting game, most carefully)
What is a superlative adjective/adverb?
A form used to compare more than two incidences, identifying the best example using ‘est’ or ‘most’ (biggest castle, most interesting, more carefully)
What are the 3 different types of pronouns?
Personal
Demonstrative
Indefinite
What is a personal pronoun?
Refers to people and a differentiated in terms of person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (single, plural), and gender (male or female)
What are the demonstrative pronouns?
Orientate the reader or listener towards a person, object or idea, either nearby or further away
What is an indefinite pronoun?
Refers to a person, object or idea that is non-specific
What are the 3 types of determiners?
Articles
Possessives
Quantifiers
What is an article determiner?
Shows that something is definite or indefinite (the = definite, a/an = indefinite)
What is a possessive determiner?
Shows ownership (my, your, her, ours)
What is a quantifying determiner?
Shows either specific or non-specific quantities of a noun
What are the 2 types of conjunctions?
Coordinating
Subordinating
What is a coordinating conjunction?
Link words or larger structures such as phrases and clauses together where they are equal (and, but, or, yet)
What is a subordinating conjunction?
Link clauses together to show one is dependent on another (because, although, while, for)
What is Story world?
Refers to a shared universe within which the setting, characters, objects, actions or events of one or more narrative exists.
What is a homodiegetic narrative?
A first person narrative (I, me)
What is a syndetic list?
A list which items are connected by AND (eggs and ham and bread and milk)
What is an asyndetic list?
A list in which are connected by commas (eggs, ham, bread, milk)
What is foregrounding?
When writers draw attention to key ideas in text through their use of language.
This is done in 2 different ways
What is parallelism foregrounding?
Writers set up patterns of language often repeated (There was a hill, and on this hill, where was a road, and this road was narrow and straight)
What is deviation foregrounding?
Where the writer deliberately breaks the rules pf language expectations (Twas brillig, and the slithy toves, Did gyre and gimble in the wabe
What is a modality?
The term used to describe language that presents degrees of attitude or commitment
What is a deontic modality?
Expressions that highlight a sense of obligation or necessity
Eg. You must come back
It is necessary for you to come back
What are the 3 types of Korte’s body language?
Kinesics
Haptics
Proxemics
What is a kinesic body language? Examples?
Gestures, postures, eye and facial movements and body movements due to feelings or emotions e.g. trembling
What is a haptic? Examples?
Touching another person e.g holding, kissing, shaking hands, pushing, punching.
What is a proxemic? Examples?
Movement in relation to another character’s personal space e.g moving closer to, further away from.
What are the 6 different types of speech in fiction?
Direct speech (DS)
Free direct speech (FDS)
Indirect speech (ID)
Free indirect speech (FID)
Narrator’s representation of speech act (NRSA)
Narrator’s representation of speech (NRS)
What is direct speech? Examples?
The narrating voice tells us the characters exact words, indicated by the speech marks and the speech clause “she said”.
“I want to see as little of you as possible”, she said.
What is free direct speech? Examples?
The narrating voice tells us the character’s actual words. The speech clause is removed so there is no framing but the narrator.
“I want to see as little of you as possible”
What is an example of indirect speech? Examples?
The speech clause introduces what the character said, but the actual words are not given. Instead the narrator reports them, changing the verb tense and pronouns from the narrating perspective. The gives the speech greater narrating framing.
“She said that she wanted to see as little of me as possible”
What is free direct speech? Examples?
There is no direct representation of the words. The pronoun I has been replaced by she. However the use of “her” positions this version from the perspective
