PARIS ANTHOLOGY - linguistic terms Flashcards
Define linguistics?
Investigating how language is used within the text to create meaning and convey attitudes.values.ideas and themes.
What are the 6 language levels?
Lexis and semantics, Grammar, Phonetics, Graphology, Pragmatics, Discourse.
What are the four open word classes?
- Noun
- Verb
- Adjectives
- Adverb
Define noun?
A word that names a thing or concept.
Define verb?
A word that shows a state of being, action or concept.
Define adjective?
A word that modifies a noun (pre-modifier).
Define adverb?
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective or adverb.
What are the 4 closed word classes?
- Pronoun
- Determiner
- Preposition
- Conjunction
Define pronoun?
Substitutes for a noun.
Define determiner?
Ads detail to clarify to nouns.
Define preposition?
Provides connections between words (place/time).
Define conjunction?
Provides connections between phrases, clauses etc.
Define semantics?
Semantics is the study of meaning in language
- We can explore the meaning of words by considering how they combine with other words.
Define semantic field?
We can look at groups of words that are based around a topic or theme.
Example: “player”, “team” and “ball”are all from the semantic field of sport.
Define collocates?
These are words that are commonly associated with each other.
Example: “cosmetic” and “surgery”.
Fixed expressions: so common that they become associated as one long structure: “at the end of the day”.
Define metaphor?
We can understand an object, idea or concept metaphorically in terms or something else.
We typically understand abstract concepts such as our lives and emotions by seeing them in more concrete physical terms.
Example: life is a journey.
Define grammar?
Language is systemic
morpheme - word - phrase - clause - sentence - sentence - text - smallest
Define phrases?
The two most important types are:
Noun phrases - a group of words centred around a noun that acts as the “head” of the phrase.
Verb phrases - a group of words centred around a verb that acts as the “head pf the phrase.
Primary auxiliary verb (tense) be, do, have, is, was, been, has, had, does, did.
Modal auxiliary verb (commitment): should, will, must, could, would, may, can.
Define clauses?
These are groups of words centred around a verb phrase.
Coordinating clauses: joining by coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) can be stand on their own.
Subordinating clauses: joining two clauses with a subordinating conjunction which gives one heavier weighting.
Define active/passive voice
Beast seriously injures baby = active
Baby is mauled by fox = passive.
What are the sentence functions?
Statement - declarative
Question - interrogative
Command - imperative
Explanation -
Define pragmatics?
Schema
- a bundle of knowledge about a concept, person or event.
- these are dynamic and can be amended or added to.
- they can share similar properties between individuals.
Define deixis?
Deictic words are words that are context bound.
- their meaning depends on who is using them, where they are using them and when they are using them.
What are the 3 deictic categories?
Person deixis: names and personal pronouns
Spacial deixis: adverbs of place (have, there) demonstratives showing location (this, that) orientational words (right. left) deictic verbs (come, go)
Temporal deixis: adverbs of time (today, yesterday, tomorrow).
What are the two less common deictic categories?
Proximal deixis: deictic expressions that refer to concepts events or people close to the speaker.
Distal deixis: deictic expressions that refer to concepts, events or people distant from the speaker.
