TEAS- science pt 3 Flashcards
biceps femoris is the anatomical name for the
hamstring
type of muscle tissue that are narrow and have only one nucleus
smooth muscle tissue
byproducts of bacterial processing of chyme in the colon (LI)
vitamin K
B12
thiamine
riboflavin
appendix is attached to the
cecum
striated muscles attach to
bones
which gland secretes saliva
parotid
ureters move urine to the bladder from the
renal pelvis
control and coordinate complex muscle activities
-maintain posture and balance
cerebellum
rhombencephalon (hindbrain) consists of
cerebellum
medulla oblongata
pons
below hypothalamus and controlled by it
-hormone=melatonin
pineal gland
under thalamus
-hunger, thirst, body temp, blood pressure, production of hormones
hypothalamus
route sensory organs to cerebral cortex
-located around 3rd ventricle of brain
thalamus
proscencephalon includes
cerebrum
diencephalon
diencephalon includes
thalamus
hypothalamus
pineal gland
outermost and largest part of brain
cerebrum
consists mostly of myelinated neurons
white matter
consists mostly of interneurons that are unmyelinated
gray matter
long, thin, and extend from soma
axon
small, treelike structure that extend from soma
dendrite
part of nervous system responsible for processing and storing information, as well as deciding on appropriate action and issuing commands
central nervous system
responsible for gathering information and transporting it
peripheral nervous system
fight or flight
-emotion, danger, exercise
sympathetic nervous system
stimulates activities when body is at rest, digestion, sexual arousal
parasympathetic nervous system
cautiously control this part of PNS, includes skeletal muscle
somatic nervous system
can’t be cautiously controlled, stimulates smooth and cardiac muscle
autonomic nervous system
3 types of autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic
sympathetic
enteric
PNS is further divided into
somatic
autonomic
part of brain dealing with movement and sensory input
cerebrum
3 types of salivary glands
sublingual
submandibular
parotid
liver is located in which quadrant
RUQ
cricoid cartilage is found on the
trachea
reactants in respiration
glucose and oxygen
products in respiration
carbon dioxide
water
atp
quadriceps include
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
calf area
gastrocnemius
shoulder area
deltoid
least common of all granulocytes
basophils
most abundant cell type in our blood
neutrophils
secreted by posterior pituitary and act on kidney to perserve fluid and electrolyte balance by increasing water reabsorption
anti-diuretic
main hormone for regulating mood and feelings of well-being
serotonin
secreted by posterior pituitary and triggers childbirth
oxytocin
command center of brain
hypothalamus
color portion of eye
iris
cells responsible for seeing in dim, dark lighting
rods
part of eye that converts light into electrical impulses
retina
longest muscle in human body
sartorius
what does lipase do?
breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol
largest muscle in the body
gluteus maximus
area of eye with most acute vision and is comprised only of cones
fovea centralis
longest bone
femur
trochanter is attached to
upper part of femur
ear bones
ossicles- stapes, incus, malleus
cells found in skin and assist in boosting immune function
langerhan cells
larynx made out of 3 cartilage structures
thyroid
epiglottis
cricoid
ring shaped structure that keeps larynx open
cricoid cartilage
adam’s apple
thyroid cartilage
larger lung
right lung (3 lobes)
smaller lung
left lung (2 lobes)
hangs from base of brain
- control growth and aspects of sexual functioning
- growth hormone, fsh, oxytocin, tsh
pituitary gland
innermost layer of stomach
-secretes digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid
mucosa
located around mucosa
- made of connective tissue
- nerves and blood vessels
submucosa
outermost layer of stomach, keeps stomach wet, decreases friction
serosa
hormone predominantly produced during luteal phase of menstrual cycle
progesterone
at day 14, ____ released from pituitary which stimulates ovulation and conversion of the follicle corpus luteum
LH
nonliving part of bone
-made out of water, collagen, protein, calcium, phosphate, and crystals
bone matrix
topmost layer of bone
- act as layer of connective tissue
- contain collagen fibers that anchor tendons
periosteum
living part of bone found at edges of the bone
-vital part in growth, development, and repair of bones
osteocytes
gives the bone its strength
compact bone
layer where bone tissue grows in columns
- provides structural strength
- forms a space that contains red bone marrow
traberculae
muscle mainly responsible for the action is called
agonist
fight against parasitic infections
eosinophils
attack and destroy bacteria and viruses
neutrophils
sternum consists of what 3 things
manubrium
corpus sterni
xiphoid process
cells that are responsible for color, and in seeing in bright light
cones
produced by adrenal glands and increase reabsorption of sodium ions from nephron
adolsterone
acidic loving granulocytes
eosinophils
support agonsit, attach to same bones, stabilize movement, and decrease unnecessary movement
synergists
which of the following is a type of external chemical barrier provided by the body’s innate immune system
salt
which of the following is a type of external physical barrier provided by the body’s innate immune system
skin and mucus
two atoms that have different number of neutrons but the same number of protons
isotopes
insulates a nerve fiber or axon and facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses
myelin sheath
two identical copies of a chromosome formed during cell cycle are called
chromatids
in which organ is the digestive enzyme pepsin found?
stomach
what is the result if the vas deferens is blocked
sperm from the testicles cannot mix with semen
filters waste products out of the blood is the function of _____ in the the kidney
glomerulus
what is the result when a person’s pancreas stops releasing insulin?
sugar will not enter cells, causing high blood sugar levels and diabetes
blood plasma contains
90% water
antibodies
nutrients
hormones
hemoglobin is found where?
in red blood cells
role of pancreas in digestion
produces hormones and digestive juices and secretes them into duodenum
which of the following hormones causes the uterine lining to thicken during ovulation?
estrogen
describe the action of regulatory genes
they control the expression of one or more other genes
membrane around lungs
pleura
where in the body are leukocytes produced?
in the marrow within bones
function of ____ is to find and destroy cells that contain a pathogen’s antigen signature
cytotoxic T cells
which of the following types of motion do the molecules of a liquid exhibit?
translational and vibrational
which of the following glands of the endocrine system is located closest to the pineal gland
pituitary gland
which bones articulate at hinge joint
femur and tibia
which element within the respiratory system is responsible for removing foreign matter from the lungs?
cilia
one responsibility of the _____ is to block pathogens that cause disease
integumentary system
when are the parasympathetic nerves active within the nervous system?
when an individual is either resting or eating
the part of the human excretory system most responsible for maintaining normal blood temperature is the
sweat glands
a part of which body system controls fluid loss, protects deep tissues, and synthesizes vitamin D
integumentary system
the respiratory system ____ oxygen and ____ carbon dioxide
delivers oxygen; expels carbon dioxide
in the development of genetic traits, one gene must attach to one _____ for the traits to develop correctly
protein
which of the following best describes the careful ordering of molecules within solids that have a fixed shape
crystalline order
which of the following describes the transport network that is responsible for the transference proteins throughout a cell
endoplasmic reticulum
which of the following choices best describes the location of the trachea in relation to the esophagus?
anterior
which of the following do catalysts alter to control the rate of a chemical reaction
activation energy
how many layers of skin do humans have
3
which of the following bone types is embedded in tendons
sesamoid bones
what is the most likely reason that cells differentiate?
cells differentiate so that simple, non-specialized cells can become highly specialized cells
how is meiosis similar to mitosis?
both occur in humans, other animals, and plants
what basic molecular unit enables hereditary information to be transmitted from parent to offspring?
genes
how do DNA and RNA function together as part of the human genome?
RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm
which of the following best describes the structures found underneath each rib in descending order?
nerve
vein
artery
filters microorganisms and other foreign substances from the blood
spleen
is a protein that interferes with virus production
interferon
which structure releases hormones that stimulate the gonads during puberty?
hypothalamus
a vaccination is a way of acquiring which type of immunity?
active artificial immunity
