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TEAS > TEAS- science pt 2 > Flashcards

TEAS- science pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

steps in scientific method

A 
formulate problem
hypothesis 
experiment
observation
conclusion
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2
Q

used to measure luminous intensity

A

candela

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3
Q

used to measure the amount of a substance at molecular level

A

mole

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4
Q

used to measure electric current

A

ampere

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5
Q

proton donor

A

acid

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6
Q

proton acceptor

A

base

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7
Q

definite volume and shape

A

solid

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8
Q

solid has low or high density

A

high density

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9
Q

least movable matter

A

solid

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10
Q

volume remains constant but it assumes shape of its container

A

liquid

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11
Q

liquid has high or low density

A

low

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12
Q

assumes volume and shape of its container

A

gas

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13
Q

gas has high or low density

A

low

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14
Q

higher concentration to lower concentration

A

diffusion

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15
Q

area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration

A

osmosis

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16
Q

3 types of passive transport

A

diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion

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17
Q

form of heat transfer that requires contact

A

conducton

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18
Q

most basic type of matter

A

element

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19
Q

how capable an atom is of attracting a pair of bonding elements

A

electronegativity

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20
Q

located in small intestine, protect digestive tract from pathogens

A

peyer’s patch

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21
Q

each kidney consists of what 3 layers

A

renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pelvis

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22
Q

regulate metabolism and secrete thyroxine, calcitonin, and tridothyronie

A

thyroid gland

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23
Q

controls caridac function; increase blood sugar and controls size of blood vessels

A

adrenal medulla

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24
Q

monitors blood sugar level; help in lipid and protein metabolism

A

adrenal cortex

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25
Q

temperature of body is controlled by a negative feedback system which consists of 3 things

A

control center- hypothalamus
receptors- sensory cells
effector- sweat glands, blood vessels, muscles

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26
Q

how many muscles in human body

A

over 600

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27
Q

3 parts of midbrain

A

tectum
tegmentum
ventral tegmentum

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28
Q

forebrain includes

A

cerebrum
hypothalamus
thalamus

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29
Q

hindbrain includes

A

medulla oblongata
pons
cerebellum

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30
Q

located behind stomach, have exocrine and endocrine tissues

A

pancreas

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31
Q

liver functions

A 
produce bile
produce cholesterol
produce blood plasma proteins
regulate amino acids
regulate blood clot
storage of glycogen
conversion of ammonia to urea
purification of blood
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32
Q

largest gland

A

liver

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33
Q

liver has how many lobes

A

4

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34
Q

liver’s functional units

A

lobules

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35
Q

protein digestion begins in the

A

stomach

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36
Q

located behind stomach and below diaphragm, filters blood stores of RBCs and macrophagus

A

spleen

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37
Q

diaphragm relax
intercostal muscles relax
size of chest cavity decreases

A

exhalation (expiration)

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38
Q

diaphragm contracts and moves down
size of chest cavity increases
ribs expand
intercostal muscles contract

A

inhalation (inspiration)

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39
Q

how does respiratory system maintain acid-base homeostasis

A

hyperventilation to increase the pH during acidosis

slow breathing to decrease the pH during alkalosis

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40
Q

airway is lined with ___ that trap microbes and debris and sweep them back into mouth

A

cilia

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41
Q

digestive system develops from

A

endoderm

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42
Q

muscular system develops from

A

mesoderm

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43
Q

nervous system develops from

A

ectoderm

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44
Q

entire cell cycle in animals takes

A

24 hours

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45
Q

appendages extending from surface of cell, causes cell to move

A

cilia

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46
Q

tail-like structures on cells that use whip-like movements to help cell move

A

flagella

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47
Q

4 functions of mitochondrai

A

energy
cell signaling
cell differentiation
cell cycle and growth regulation

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48
Q

___ consists of microtubules that help shape and support the cell

A

cytoskeleton

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49
Q

who developed the theory of evolution

A

charles darwin

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50
Q

3 types of lipids

A

fatty acids
phospholipids
steroids

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51
Q

2 types of fatty acids

A

saturated- no double bond and solid

unsaturated- double bond and liquid

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52
Q

largest of biological molecules

A

proteins

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53
Q

most important component of the cell

A

cell membrane

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54
Q

glycolysis takes place where?

A

cytosol/cytoplasm

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55
Q

kreb’s cycle or citric acid cycle takes place where?

A

matrix of mitochondria

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56
Q

glucose–>pyruvate

A

glycolysis

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57
Q

for each glucose molecule how much ATP is produced in ETC?

A

28-32 ATP

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58
Q

photosynthesis consists of two stages

A

light reactions

calvin cycle

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59
Q

two types of asexual reproduction

A

mitosis

binary fission

60
Q

examples of steroids

A

cholesterol
testosterone
estrogen

61
Q

which of the following properties is responsible for the passage of water through a plant?

A

cohesion

62
Q

contain carbon

  • glucose, guanine, triacylgycerol
  • carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
A

organic

63
Q

don’t contain carbon

-minerals: potassium, iron, sodium

A

inorganic

64
Q

adenine and guanine are ___

A

purines

65
Q

cytosine and thymine and uracil are ___

A

pyramidines

66
Q

adenine pairs with

A

thymine or uracil

67
Q

guanine pairs with

A

cytosine

68
Q

2 types of fermentation (anaerobic respiration)

A

lactic acid

alcohol

69
Q

yeast is involved in ____ fermentation

A

alcohol

70
Q

fungi and bacteria or sometimes humans are involved in ___ fermentation

A

lactic acid

71
Q

most common type of fermentation

A

alcohol

72
Q

meiosis creates genetic variation in what 3 ways

A

crossing over
random fertilization
independent assortment

73
Q

an elaborate cellular signaling mechanism that determines when a cell dies
-prevents overgrowth

A

apoptosis

74
Q

DNA replication 3 steps

A

initiation
elongation
termination

75
Q

charles law deals with

A

volume and temperature

76
Q

most abundant biomolecules

A

carbohydrates

77
Q

freezing point of water

A

0C or 32F

78
Q

boiling point of water

A

100C or 212F

79
Q

body temp

A

37C or 98.6F

80
Q

Celsius->Farhenheit

A

9/5x+32

81
Q

farhenheit–>celsius

A

-32, 5/9x

82
Q

celsius–>kelvin

A

+273

83
Q

kelvin–>celsius

A

-273

84
Q

farhenheit–>kelvin

A

+460, 5/9x

85
Q

kelvin–>farhenheit

A

9/5x-460

86
Q

freezing point in kelvin

A

273

87
Q

boiling point in kelvin

A

373 K

88
Q

body temp in kelvin

A

310

89
Q

homogenous mixture of 2 substances

A

solution

90
Q

mixture of different elements to create a single matter

A

compounds

91
Q

mixtures of matter that are readily separate such as water and oil

A

emulsion

92
Q

strongest bond

A

covalent (usually nonmetal and nonmetal)

93
Q

3 types of intermolecular forces

A

hydrogen
dipole-dipole
dispersion forces

94
Q

weakest of all forces

A

dispersion forces (london dispersion forces)

95
Q

largest of radiation

A

alpha

96
Q

can generally be stopped by a piece of paper

A

alpha

97
Q

high energy, high speed electrons

-stopped by a thin sheet of alumnium foil, plastic

A

beta

98
Q

similar to x-rays but with more energy

  • very penetrating
  • can go through concrete or lead
A

gamma

99
Q

contains the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes of mitochondria

A

matrix

100
Q

folds of matrix are called

A

cristae

101
Q

meaning towards the head

A

cephalad or cephalic

102
Q

toward the tail or posterior

A

caudad

103
Q

upper respiratory includes

A 
nose 
nasal cavity
mouth
pharynx
larynx
104
Q

lower respiratory includes

A

trachea
bronchial tree
lungs

105
Q

airway includes

A 
nose
nasal cavity
mouth
pharynx (throat)
larynx (voice box)
trachea
bronchi
bronchial network
106
Q

an adult human has about how much blood

A

5 quarts

107
Q

flow of blood to the heart tissue

  • blood enters the coronary arteries, which branch off aorta, supplying major arteries, which enter the heart with oxygenated blood
  • deoxygenated blood returns to right atrium through cardiac veins which empty into coronary sinus
A

coronary circulation

108
Q

the flow of blood between heart and lungs

  • deoxygenated blood flows from right ventricle to the lungs through pulmonary arteries
  • oxygenated blood flows back to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins
A

pulmonary circulation

109
Q

flow of blood to the entire body with the exception of coronary circulation and pulmonary circulation
-blood exits the left ventricle through the aorta, which branches into carotid arteries, suclavian arteries, common iliac arteries, renal artery

A

systemic circulation

110
Q

secretes hormones and is major site of lymphocyte production

A

thymus

111
Q

increases heart rate
signals adrenal glands to sercrete adrenaline
trigger dilation of pupils
slows digestion

A

sympathetic

112
Q

decreases heart rate
signals adrenal glands to stop secreting adrenaline
constricts pupils
returns digestion process to normal

A

parasympathetic

113
Q

myofibrils contain two protein microfilaments

A

myosin (thick)

actin (thin)

114
Q

dark bands (striations) in skeletal muscles are formed when

A

thick and thin filaments overlap

115
Q

external structure of male reproductive system

A

penis
scrotum
testes

116
Q

contains the urethra, can fill with blood and become erect, enabling the deposition of semen and sperm into the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse

A

penis

117
Q

sac of skin and smooth muscle that houses the testes and keeps the testes at proper temperature for spermatogenesis

A

scrotum

118
Q

male gonads, which produce sperm and testosterone

A

testes or testicles

119
Q

internal structure of male reproductive system includes

A 
epididymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory duct
urethra
seminal vessicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
120
Q

stores the sperm as it matures

A

epididymis

121
Q

secrete alkaline fluids with proteins and mucus into the ejaculator duct

A

seminal vesicles

122
Q

secretes a milky white fluid with proteins and enzymes as part of the semen

A

prostate gland

123
Q

known as cowper’s glands that secrete a fluid into urethra to neutralize the acidity in the urethra

A

bulbourethral gland

124
Q

stimulates spermatogenesis

A

FSH

125
Q

stimulates testosterone production

A

LH

126
Q

responsible for male sex characteristics

A

testosterone

127
Q

external portion of female reproductive

A

labia majora
labia minora
clitoris
bartholin’s glands

128
Q

enclose and protect vagina

A

labia majora and minora

129
Q

secrete a lubricating fluid in vagina

A

bartholin’s glands

130
Q

contains erectile tissue and nerve endings for sensual pleasure

A

clitoris

131
Q

internal portion of female reproductive

A

uterus
fallopian tubes
ovaries
vagina

132
Q

female gonads

A

ovaries

133
Q

produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone

A

ovaries

134
Q

muscular tube that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body

A

vagina

135
Q

isotopes denoted by element symbol preceded in _____

A

mass number

atomic number

136
Q

atoms of the same element may bond together to form ____ or crystalline solids

A

molecules

137
Q

decrease reaction rates

A

inhibitors

138
Q

synthesis reaction is also known as

A

combination

addition

139
Q

decomposition reaction is also known as

A

desynthesis
decombination
dconstruction

140
Q

acid and base react to form

A

water and salt

141
Q

sequence of chemical reactions involving fuel and an oxidant that produces heat and sometimes light

A

combustion reaction

142
Q

combustion reaction is considered endotehrmic or exothermic?

A

exothermic

143
Q

piece of lab glassware used to accurately dispense liquid

A

burette

144
Q

are used for precise measurements and are considered more accurate than flasks or beakers

A

graduated cylinder

145
Q

most accurate balance

A

electronic balance

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