TEAS- science Flashcards
promote inflammation, made in renal medulla, and can lead to pain and fever
prostaglandis
____ is the product of the velocity and mass of an object
momentum
lactose is considered a ____ sugar
double sugar (disaccharide)
firmest type of connective tissue
bone
____ is the changing of substances into a different form that entered the body
assimilation
human blood and house ammonia are considered
bases
the point in a female’s menstrual cycle that is most correlated with pregnancy
ovulation
3D shape of a molecule is known as
conformation
correct formula for pH
-log[H+]
which of the following atoms is the most numerous in the body?
- nitrogen
- hydrogen
- chlroine
- calcium
hydrogen
chemical formula for ammonia
NH3
how many layers of skin does humans have?
3- epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat
2 criteria for classifying epithelial tissue
shape- cuboidal, squamous, columnar
layers- simple, stratified
catalyze chemical reactions synthesize and repair DNA structure support transport materials across cells send and receive chemicals provide energy
proteins
use their substrate to build more complex molecules
anabolic enzymes
break down their substrate
catabolic enzymes
how many essential amino acids are out there?
9
provides protection from UV radiation and serves as a lubricant for the skin
hair
___ cells produce specific antibodies
B cells
- provides memory
- antigen-specific immune response
adaptive immunity
- nonspecific response
- physical barriers, chemicals
innate immunity
filters bacteria in blood
spleen
small glands mainly in thorax and abodmen
-help prevent disease by filtering out bacteria
lymph nodes
lymphatic system 3 functions:
- return excess fluid back into the blood (fluid balance)
- absorb fat from digestive and desposits in to bloodstream
- defends body against pathogens
kidneys produce ____, a hormone that regulates blood pressure by balancing water and salt
renin
blood enters kidney through
renal artery
serves as first stage of filtering process
glomerulus
important in digestion of fats
bile
____ radiation has 1- charge
beta
how many d orbitals in a d subshell
5
which chemicals are responsible for conveying an impulse along a nerve cell
sodium and potassium
glucose formula
C6H12O6
tail of lipid
hydrocarbon chain-hydrophobic
head of lipid
glycerol or phosphate- hydrophilic
amino acid 3 parts
R group
carboxyl group
amino group
nucleotides are composed of
5 C sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
in cell membrane that adds stiffness and flexability
cholesterol
in cell membrane helps give the cells shape
proteins
in cell membrane, helps the cell to recognize other cells of organisms
glycolipids
sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal
vacuoles
small organelle, moving materials within a cell
vessicles
occurs because lack of vitamin C
scurvy
made in salivary glands and pancreas
-breaks down starch into simpler sugars
amylase
vili is only present in
small intestine
RBCs live for how long in blood?
120 days or 4 months
WBS are smaller/larger than RBCs
larger
WBCs are more abundant/less abudant than RBCs
less abundant
inhalation
diaphragm contracts and moves down
lying belly down is ___ position
prone
lying back down is ___ position
supine
what causes a moving body to resist a change in its state of motion
inertia
comprise the pulmonary tree
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
detoxifies metabolic by-products, alcohol, and drugs
smooth ER
measures blood pressure (mmHg)
sphygnmomanometer
which bone structure holds the osteocytes
lacunae
ring of muscle at base of uterus
cervix
X nerve
vagus nerve
newtons second law of motion formula
f= ma
pressure inversely propotional to volume of gas
boyle’s law
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
newton’s 3rd law
an object at rest will stay at rest, an object that is moving will stay moving unless disturbed by an unbalanced force
newton’s first law
what kind of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA
covalent bond
entirely used up by the chemical reaction
limiting reactant
what kind of radiation has no charge
gamma
radiation has 2+ charge
alpha
5 things that influence reaction rates
catalyst concentration temperature pressure surface area
what makes up molecule of a fat
3 molecules of fatty acids
1 molecule of glycerol
brachiocephalic vein is formed by
internal jugular
subclavian veins
large lymphatic trunks unite to form which 2 main vessels of lymphatic system
right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct
required by thyroid gland for production of hormone thyroxine
iodine
vitamin A is known as ____ and is a ___ vitamin
retinol, fat-soluble
can cause night blindness
vitamin A deficency
developed due to deficency of proteins in diet
kwashiokor
occurs because of lack of iron
anemia
develops due to insufficent vitamin D, phophorus, calcium
rickets
monosaccharides
glucose
fructose
galactose
disaccharides
sucrose
maltose
lactose
polysaccharides
glycerol
chitin
cellulose
starch
involved in regulation and expression of genes
nucleic acids
refer to the tendency of an atom to want to bond with other atoms by taking electrons from those atoms
electronegativity
amount of energy required for removal of one electron from atom
ionization energy
atomic radius
decreases left to right
increases top to bottom
ionization energy
increases from left to right
decreases from top to bottom
electronegativity
increases from left to right
decreases from top to bottom
lowest level of energy, max 2 electrons
s orbital
max 6 electrons
p orbital
max 8 electrons
d orbital
max 32 electrons
f orbital
2 criteria for classifying epithelial tissue
layers- single, stratified
shape-cuboidal, columnar, squamous
how many layers of skin do humans have
3
chemical formula for ammonia
NH3
which of the following atoms is the most numerous in body
hydrogen
correct formula for pH
-log[H+]
3D shape of a molecule is known as
conformation
the product of the velocity and mass of an object
momentum
promote inflammation
made in renal medulla
can lead to pain and fever
prostaglandis
high concentration to low
diffusion
type of diffusion in which water moves passively through a semi-permeable membrane
osmosis
alkynes form __ bonds
triple
alkanes form ___ bonds
single
alkenes form __ bonds
double
involves drawing a specific conclusion based on a general premise
deductive reasoning
each osteon consists of concentric layers called ____, which are compact bone tissue that surround a central canal
lamellae
contains bones blood supply
haversain canal
have hollow shafts that contain marrow
long bones
not hollow, but contain marrow
flat bones
caused by loss of minerals from the bone, which cause its rigidity to be lost
osteoporosis
caused by a genetic defect in a collagen matrix that causes bones to be brittle and break easy
osteogensis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)
involves drawing general conclusions based on observation of specific events
inductive reasoning
acts as an insulator and covers axon to allow for electrical impulses to transmit into cell
myelin sheath
regulates metabolism and also helps body deal with stress
adrenal gland
produces hormones for regular growth and metabolic rate
thyroid gland
when bronchi become chronically inflammed, they narrow and spasm
asthma
inability to exhale normally
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
genetic disorder that causes poor mucus clearance from the lungs, result in difficult breathing and infections
cystic fibrosis
hormone that stimulates appetite
ghrelin
hormone that inhibits hunger
leptin
hormone that causes the storage of glucose
insulin
hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen
glucagon
secrete sebum (oil) that waterproofs the skin
sebaceous glands
associated with body’s homeostatic relationship of thermoregulation and rid body of metabolic wastes
sweat glands
waxy protein that helps to waterproof the skin
keratin
shivering is associated with the ____
muscular system
sebaceous gland and sweat glands are ____
exocrine glands
sebaceous gland are also known as
holocrin glands
2 types of sweat glands
eccrine
apocrine
located throughout the body and can be found on forehead, neck, and back
eccrine glands
located in the armpits, groins, palms, and soles of feet
apocrine glands
not connected to hair follicles, activated by elevated blood temperature
-secrete a salty solution of electrolytes and water containing sodium chloride, potassium, bicarbonate, glucose, and antimicrobial peptides
eccrine glands
secrete this oily sweat when a person experiences stress or anxiety
- produce body odor
- secrete oily solution containing fatty acids, triglycerides, and proteins
apocrine glands
has an influence on daily biorhythms and sexual activity
pineal gland
plays a role in immune responses
thymus gland
what does calcitonin do?
decrease blood calcium in bone tissue
found traveling in the lymph or fixed in lymphatic tissue are the largest, long-living phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens
macrophages
short-living phagocyte that respond quick to invaders
-type of granulocyte
neutrophils
provides an attachment point for the tongue muscles
hyoid bone
two types of connective bone tissue
compact bone
spongy bone
which consist of tightly packed cells, is strong, dense, and rigid
compact (cortical) bone
consists of trabeculae, lightweight and porous, helps reduce bone’s overall weight
spongy (cancellous) bone
spaces between lamellae are known as
lacunae
network of gliders with open spaces filled with red bone marrow
-within spongy bone
trabeculae
catabolic reactions ____ energy
release
anabolic reactions _____ energy
require
a codon has the code for a single___
amino acid
start codon
AUG
stop codon
UAA
UGA
UAG
molecule that helps in translation process, and is found in cytoplasm
transfer RNA
refers to the expression of both alleles so that both traits are shown
- cows for example can have hair color of red, white, red and white (not pink)
- ABO human blood typing system
- not a Mendel Law/concept
Co-dominance
when both dominant and recessive genes are expressed, resulting in a phenotype that is mixture of the two
-red, white, or pink
incomplete dominance
