Teaching Writing

Question 1

product-oriented approach

Answer 1

focus on the completed written product, the coherent, error-free text.

model composition
use a model composition as a yardstick
correct linguistic errors

1. T provides ‘model composition (story)’
2. Ss imitate, copy and transform the models.
3. Ss try to meet a list of criteria (content, organization,vocab,grammar,mechanics)

Question 2

product-oriented approach to writing에서 feedback

Answer 2

The T’s correction is focused on grammatical accuracy of Ss’ writing.
T corrects the error by crossing out incorrect regular past tense forms, providing corresponding correct forms above them.

Question 3

write the story as accurately as possible. The story contains a number of regular past tense verbs.

“with the aid of pictures and keywords” 인 상황에서 장점

Answer 3

The procedure is designed in a way to lessen Ss’ cognitive processing load placed on retelling the story in writing.

Question 4

process-oriented approach의 정의와 advantages

Answer 4

Ss go through stages of drafting and receive feedback on their drafts from peers.

• advantages
  1. allow Ss to discover thier own voice.
  2. tasks that engage Ss in meaningful writing
  3. give a writer a sense of audience and authentic task
  4. provide formative feedback through conferencing.

Question 5

process-oriented apporach procedure

Answer 5

1. prewriting : brainstorming, freewriting, listing,clustering
2. drafting
3. feedback (responding)
4. revision :peer-editing, proofreading,conferencing

Question 6

drafting단계 특징

Answer 6

• focus on fluency,the development of ideas, the organization of these ideas.
• visualize audience->let Ss have a real-world purpose(autentic audience)-> Ss write more clearly.

Question 7

feedback 단계 특징

Answer 7

from T: conference -> give formative feedback on ideas and organization rather than grammar and spelling.
from peers: peer feedback must be modeled -> provide structured feedback form (checklist)
** collaborative learning -> sharpen their critical skills in analyzing peer’s written work. Also increase their ability to analyze their draft critcally.

Question 8

revision 단계 특징

Answer 8

(redrafting/ proofreading)

1. Ss review on the basis of feedback given in feedback stage.
2. Ss improve global content and organization of ideas, check lg error
3. Ss work in paris to read aloud each other’s draft -> bring more conscious level of rethinking what they’ve written.
4. a checklist can be given.

Question 9

action research

Answer 9

In schools, action research refers to a wide variety of evaluative,ingestigative and anaytical research methods designed to diagnostic problems and weaknesses and and help educators develop practical solutions to address them quickly and efficiently.

Question 10

product-oriented 기출 key

1. 나는 학생의 완성된 글을 강조한다.
2. 나는 문법과 mechanics에 초점을 맞추어 피드백 준다.

Answer 10

Ts use a product-based apporach rather than a process-based one.

1. I emphasize Ss’ “final writing product”.
2. I focus mostly on grammar and mechanics when giving feedback.
3. The Ts focus on accuracy more than content and organization when giving feedback.

Question 11

process-oriented 기출 key

1. 나는 planning, drafting,revising 그리고 editing의 과정에 학생을 참여시킨다.
2. 나는 content와 organization에 초점을 맞추어 피드백준다.
3. conferencing 설명

Answer 11

1. I involve Ss in the process of planning,drafting,revising and editing.
2. I focus mostly on content and organizaion when giving feedback.
3. I met w/ individual Ss to help with work in progress.

Question 12

conferencing

Answer 12

Formative
one-on-one interaction between T and S
It’s a dialogue that is not to be graded.

I met w/ individual Ss to help with work in progress.
More than half of Ts use conferencing to support the revision process.

Question 13

collaborative writing

Answer 13

collaborative writing tasks are widely used in the classroom. (13년 23)

I invove Ss in group writing tasks rather than individual writing tasks.

Question 14

asynchronous communication

Answer 14

email , an online blog (multimedia)

Ss give and receive feedback through asynchronous communication.

Question 15

synchronous communication

Answer 15

chat room (multimedia)
real-time communication

Ss compose messages in unplanned ways through real-time communication

Question 16

Computer-mediated communications

Answer 16

synchronous, asynchronous

The procedure integrates lg skills and provides computer-mediated communication.

Question 17

CALL의 behavioristic (structural) approach

기출특징 (1)

Answer 17

1.computers are used to provide unlimited drill, practice, tutorial explanation and corrective feedback.
2. replicate the teaching techniques of structural linguistics and audiolingual method -> drill and practice programs (gap-fill drills)
3. Programmed Instructions (PI): computer provides immediate feedback and presents material at Ss’pace.
4. PI 장점 : Ss proceed at their own pace -> encouarge autonymy.
___________________
1. The procedure provides Ss with plenty of drill, practice, and tutorial explanation.

Question 18

CALL의 constructivist apporach

기출특징 (2)

Answer 18

1. computers are used to provide alternative contextfor social interaction. -> the Internet and CMC can provide various authentic materials and create communication opportunitties for Ss -> enhance their communicative competence and even intercultural competence.
2. inquiry-based learning 가능 (self-directed)
   _____________
3. the procedure allows Ss to make choices about that they wish to write about the given topic.
4. The procedure promotes inquiry-based learning to foster understanding of the target culture.

Question 19

Blended learning

Answer 19

on- and off-line English writing

an education program that combines online digital media with traditional classroom methods.

Question 20

concordancer

Answer 20

When Ss are unsure of something -> run it through a concordancer -> so that they can look up “authentic examples of lg patterns”

Ss check the use of lg with “corpus data”

Question 21

Data-driven approach (concordancer)

Answer 21

responsibility is placed on the learner to make their own comparisons of the way in which target expressions are used and thus to formulate rules on their own.

Question 22

rhetorical structure

contrasive rhetoric

Answer 22

convention : traditional method of style

Ss will be able to understand the “cultural and rhetorical differences” btw Korean and English resumes.

Question 23

ECC

Answer 23

The T uses error codes as a means of corrective feedback.
The T gives feedback selectively focusing on specific types of errors.

장점) time-saving/ self-correction유도
단점) extra class 필요 for symbol, for low proficiency lelvel Ss, self correction is tough , content- organization측면에서 feedback주기 어렵다

Question 24

coherent and cohesive 가 잘 갖춰진 글

Answer 24

a well-organized suggestion letter
T demonstrates how to connect sentences by using discourse markers

combine sentences/ connect sentences

Question 25

dialogue journal

Answer 25

It offers Ss a way to convey real thoughts and get feedback from the T on both form and content in the form of written conversation.

IT enables SS and T to interact on a on-to-on basis at any level in any lg content. Ss can generate some personal input and receive the T’s direct feedback.

Fluency ↑, interpersonal communication ↑
content validity 와 washback모두 높아