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Y2 Endocrine Block > TDM1 > Flashcards

TDM1 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the diagnostic criteria for DM

A
  • Fasting blood glucose
  • 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2 hr glucose
  • Need 2 abnormal tests, or 1+ symptoms
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2
Q

what are the normal, impaired and diabetic ranges of fasting blood glucose test

A

< 6mmol/L = normal
6.1 - 6.9 mmol/L = impaired
> 7mmol/L = diabetes

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3
Q

what are the normal, impaired and diabetic ranges of oral glucose tolerance test

A

<7.7mmol/L = normal
7.8 - 11mmol/L = impaired
> 11.1 = diabetes

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4
Q

what other blood test is used as a diagnostic criteria for diabetes

A

HbA1c

  • 42-47 mmol/L = pre diabetes
  • > 48mmol/L = diabetes
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5
Q

what are the types of diabetes

A 
Type 1
Type 2 
MODY- Maturity onset diabetes of the young 
Gestational 
Secondary
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6
Q

what are the causes of secondary diabetes

A

pancreatitis (alcohol, gall stone etc)
cystic fibrosis- mucous secretion within pancreas
haemochromatosis- iron deposits in pancreas
steroid-induced- COPD, Asthma etc
acromegaly- tumour that secretes extra growth hormone and is resistant to insulin

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7
Q

what are the insulin DEFICIENT types of diabetes

A 
Type 1
MODY
Pancreatitis 
Cystic fibrosis 
Haemochromatosis
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8
Q

what are the insulin RESISTANT types of diabetes

A

Type 2
gestational
steroid-induced
acromegaly

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9
Q

what are the auto-antibodies in type 1 DM

A 
ICA (islet cell antibody)
I-A2 (Insulinoma-associated antigen 2)
IAA (insulin auto-antibody)
GAD65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65)
ZnT8 (zinc transporter)
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10
Q

what is the difference between T1DM than other types of diabetes

A

auto immune condition unlike other types of diabetes

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11
Q

what are the other autoimmune associated diseases to type 1 diabetes

A 
thyroid disease (hypo and hyper)
coeliac disease 
addisons disease 
pernicious anaemia
IBD
premature ovarian failure 
hashmitos disease
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12
Q

what does MODY stand for?

A

Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young

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13
Q

what are the different types of MODY

A 
HNF-1a (most common- 60%)
Glucokinase (20%)
HNF-4a (5%)
HNF-1B (2%)
Neonatal (<1%)
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14
Q

How is glucose measured?

A

Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) or Libre

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)

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15
Q

how is insulin delivered?

A 
Insulin pumps (continuous subcutaneous
insulin infusion CSII)
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16
Q

how does flash glucose monitoring work

A

Measures interstitial glucose

17
Q

what is Miao Miao-with FreeStyle Libre

A

sends BG data to phone/watch every 5min-via Spike, Glimp, X-drip apps

18
Q

what does a pump do

A
  • Uses rapid acting insulin analogue only (ie. Novorapid)
  • Can deliver multiple basal rates
  • Allows multiple bolus doses to be given safely (microbolusing)
  • Allows correction doses to be given safely (prevent stacking)
  • Calculates bolus dose (bolus calculator)

Y2 Endocrine Block (21 decks)

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