TD-201 Martin ✔ Flashcards
- Describe the factor that aids in determining distance using the retinal image: Known size of objects
The observer must know the object actual size and have previous experience with thouse circumstances represented, to be able to accuratly determine distance.
High vs low illum level will greatly affect recognition of “known” objectives. A object that can easely be identified at 1500 meters under high illum, might be diffucult to identify at 500 meter at low illum.
Altitude (and therby viewing angle) will also affect the ability to ID know objectives, and thereby determine distance.
- Describe the factor that aids in determining distance using the retinal image: Increasing or decreasing size of objects
As size of an objective change the aviator will be able to determine closure or opening, and thereby better determine both size and relative motion (distance & aspect) of known objects.
- Describe the factor that aids in determining distance using the retinal image: Terrestrial Association
Comparing known objects size to determine distance to another.
Factor that will affect is obvously illum level and different object size and contrast surronding viewed objective, and viewing quality (airspeed, altitude/angle) - to be able to distinguish and determine distance.
If there is no contrast, ie only flat area of trees, snow or sand (desert), distance determination using Terrestrial Association will be impossible.
- Describe the factor that aids in determining distance using the retinal image: Overlapping Contours or Interposition of Objects
Objectives that overlaps other, can be determined as closer than those overlaped, therby giving the perspective of distance in relation to near/far objects.
- Describe the factor that aids in determining distance using the aerial perspective: Fading of Colors or Shades
Objects viewed through haze, fog or smoke appeares less distinct and at a greather distance that it is.
- Describe the factor that aids in determining distance using the aerial perspective: Loss of detail or texture
As altitude and distance increase (further away from objects), the less apparent details become.
The clarity of an object and the shadow cast by it are perceived by the brain and are cues for estimating distance.
Aerial perspective cues (FLP):
- Fading of colors or shades
- Loss of detail or texture
- Position of light source and shadow direction
Close-up countours and details may help confirm distance estimation based on size and shape of objects.
- Describe the factor that aids in determining distance using the aerial perspective: Position of Light Source and Direction of Shadow
Light source angle towards objects will affect the ability to determine distance from a arial perspective. Artificial vs natural lightning will also alter this ability. The path and phase of the moon, the illumination level and how the weather & cloudlayer affect this will also play a huge roll in aerial perspective distance discrimination.
- Describe the monocular cue: Motion parallax.
Apparent relativ motion of stationary objects as viewed by the observer moving in relation to the stationary object.
- If the Pilot on the controls’ (P*) NVG fail or indicate impending failure, the P* will ________ ________ ________and ________ ____ ________ if necessary. During nap of the earth (NOE) or contour flight, the P* will ________ ___ _________ at a rate that will ensure obstacle avoidance.
If the Pilot on the controls’ (P*) NVG fail or indicate impending failure, the P* will announce goggle failure and transfere the controls if necessary. During nap of the earth (NOE) or contour flight, the P* will begin a climb at a rate that will ensure obstacle avoidance.
- What is an operational defect?
Operational defects include:
Relates to the reliablility of the image intensifier and are an indication of instability.
Operational defects include (reject ANVIS):
- F - Flicker, Flashing, Intermittent operation
- E - Emission Points
- S - Shading
- E - Edge Glow
