TD-101 Flashcards
What is terrain flight?
(FM 3-04.203, TFMPG, SOP Extract)
FM 3-04.203/ TFMPG p 6-11-1
Terrain FLT is a tactic that uses terrain, vegetation, and manmade objects to mask aircraft from visual, optical, thermal and electronic detection systems. Conducted at 200 feet or less above the highest obstacle (AHO).
FTG p77:
Terrain flying involves flight close to the earth’s surface. The modes of terrain flight are NOE, contour, and low- level. The crew will seldom perform pure NOE or contour flight. Instead, they will alternate techniques while maneuvering over the desired route. During terrain flight, the crew’s primary concern is the threat and obstacle avoidance.
What is the definition of an Air Control Point (ACP)?
What is the definition of a Check Point (CP)?
(TFMPG)
Air Control Point (ACP) - an easily identifiable point on the terrain or an electronic navigation aid used to provide necessary control during ground movement. ACP are generally designated at each point where the flight route or air corridor makes a definite change in direction and at any other point deemed necessary for timing or control of operation.
Check Point (CP) - A geographical location on land or water above which the position of an aircraft in flight may be determined by observation or by electronic means.
TFMPG p4
During tactical flight mission planning, when should time tick marks be used?
(TFMPG)
At desired time intervals - to be used to help control timing and navigation and will be marked on the right side of the course line.
Time tick marks will start at the SP and at a minimum, two minute tick marks will be used (one min recommended for training) - continously to the RP (not restarted at every ACP).
Ensure that the time tick marks reflect the selected ground speed (80 knots).
Describe the three modes of terrain flight and when they should be used.
(TFMPG)
-
Low Level Flight - flight using a constant altitude and airspeed as dictated by the threat avoidance.
(NVG consideration - low-lvl NVG flt is futher defined as operating with skid/ wheel height btw 80 and 200 feet AHO). - Contour Flight - Flight conducted at low altitude conforming to the earth`s contours. Characterized by relatively constant airspeed and varying altitudes as dictated by terrain and obstacles. (NVG - 25-80 feet AHO).
- NOE Flight - is conducted at varying airspeed as close to the earth`s surface as vegetation and obstacles permit (NVG - skid to 25 feet AHO).
TFMPG p3
What are the three categories of terrain flight hazards?
(FTG/FM 3-04.203)
M - Meterological/ Wx
Weather can be a hazard if aviators do not exercise proper precautions. With reduced visibility, airspeed may have to be reduced or altitude (above the obstacles) increased to provide additional reaction time. When flying into a rising or setting sun, it is very difficult to detect obstacles ahead of the aircraft. Strong wind (gust) conditions may create unsafe operating conditions for terrain flight. Turbulence and thermals can be extremely dangerous, especially at terrain flight altitudes.
P - Physical - Natural and Manmade
Natural: Natural hazards include trees and vegetation, terrain, and birds. Terrain fight requires flight close to trees, vegetation and other cover.
Manmade: Manmade hazards are things made by man that pose a hazard to the aircraft. The list includes things such as buildings, bridges, towers, other aircraft, and wires. Manmade hazards are sometimes identified on maps but should be searched for continuously.
H - Human. Human factors include the effects of fatigue and lack of ability to detect obstacles. The ability to maneuver and handle the aircraft effectively and safely is paramount to mission accomplishment at terrain flight altitudes. Each aircrew member must acknowledge his or her limitations and fly accordingly. These limitations may be based on factors such as a lack of experience/proficiency or lack of familiarization with a particular environment. This information must be addressed during the crew brief to heighten crewmember awareness and ensure maximum aircrew coordination. FTG p79
What are the six types of wires?
(FM 3-04.203 p5-15)
- Power wires
- Gay wires (towers)
- Missile guidance wire
- Commo wires
- Barriers (put up by enemy)
- Fences
Cue for detecting wires:
- Swath cut through vegetation.
- Presence of supporting poles.
Always expect wires near roads, waterways, near towers, or buildings.
How must cities, towns, and large assemblies be avoided?
1-212th SOP p.6-11-1
- Noise avoidance areas will be posted on hazards maps.
- Aircrews will take all necessary measures to avoid buildings, livestock and people by minimum 500 feet slant range.
Noise Avoidance Procedures (TFMPG p.8)
a. Fort Rucker 95-2
- Avoid residence, buildings, and farm-related facilities by at least 500 feet slant range while maintaining the appropriate altitude.
- Avoid towns, cities, and villagges by at least 1KM laterally and/or 1.500 feet AGL vertically, except when operating inside approved corridors.
- Avoid chicken houses, livestock, and recreation area by at least 500 feet slant range.
- Avoid planted fields while hovering and/or at low airspeed, particularly during the harvest season (Aug. - Dec.).
- Flight blw 50 feet AHO shall only be conducted on approved NOE boxes and NOE routes. Transitions btw and within Terrain Flight Training Area (TFTA) will adhere to appropriate regulations.
While flying in A.O. Vanguard, you experience a right yaw, rapid increase in both rotor and engine RPM, and an increase in engine and rotor noise. What are your immediate action steps?
Engine overspeed
Collective - Increase to load the rotor and sustain engine/ rotor RPM blw max opr limit
Throttle - Adjust until normal N2 opr RPM is attained.
Land as soon as possible. Perform a pwr-on appr and lnd by contr RPM man w/ throttle
if RPM cannot be controlled manually;
Autorotate when over a safe landing area
Emer Shutdown. Accomplish during descent if time permits
