Tcells/MHC

Question 1

Differences between Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Answer 1

Innate - Rapid, No memory, Non-Specific, ““phils””, Macs, NK

Adaptive - Slow, Memory, Specific, B/AB, T cells

Question 2

Innate immunity deep dive

Answer 2

"(natural, native)
- Evolutionarily less advanced
- Same response regardless of stimuli 
- First line of defense 
- Rapid response 
- No memory 
- Same response every time 
- Pattern recognition receptors
"

Question 3

Adaptive immunity deep dive

Answer 3

” (specific)
- More advanced
- Each response is tailored to stimulus
- take longer to develop initially, but are much more effective
- Stronger responses with each exposure
- Ability to ““remember”” previous infections
“

Question 4

What allows for speed/specificity/memory?

Answer 4

T cell receptors and B cell receptors

Question 5

T cell receptors and B cell receptors**

Answer 5

having been made greater in size or value

Question 6

Activation of CD4

Answer 6

• Activated by the TCR (T cell receptor)
• binding and recognizing its cognate ligand
• antigen presented by MHC II
  • Make cytokines

Question 7

Activation of CD8

Answer 7

“Activated by the TCR binding and
recognizing its cognate ligand antigen presented by MHC I
• Role: kill “infected” or damaged cells
“

Question 8

Activation of BCR

Answer 8

“B cells have BcR= antibodies on surface • Upon activation, B cells proliferate and
can become plasma cells that secrete
antibodies “

Question 9

Immunology

Answer 9

Study of the molecules, cells, organs (immune system) responsible for responding to foreign material

Question 10

Immunology importance

Answer 10

Immune system recognizes and eliminated foreign / Non-self material (esp infectious agents) so we can survive

Question 11

Breakdown the organization of the immune system

Answer 11

Immune cells + Lymphoid organs + Immune Arms

Question 12

Organize immune cells by innate/adaptive arm

Answer 12

“Innate cells -

Adaptive cells - “

Question 13

Describe different types of organs (simile)

Answer 13

“Primary lymphoid organ - Military school
Secondary lymphoid organs - Field bases
General organs - military bases “

Question 14

Thymus vs bone marrow

Answer 14

“Both are primary lymphoid organs
Thymus - maturation and selection of T lymphocytes
Bone marrow - development of all hematopoietic stem cells (myeloid and lymphoid lines) “

Question 15

Lymph node vs spleen

Answer 15

“Both are secondary lymphoid organs
Spleen - largest secondary lymphoid organ, filter antigens from blood
Lymph nodes - collection points of Lymph, filtration and generation of memory B-cells “

Question 16

Function of the Cortex

Answer 16

contains B cells organized in follicles

Question 17

Function of the paracortex

Answer 17

contains mostly T cells and some DCs

Question 18

Function of the medulla

Answer 18

mostly contains macrophages/DCs

Question 19

Track lymph fluid through the lymph node

Answer 19

“1 - afferent ducts direct flow into the node
2 - medullary cords flow past cortex/paracortex/medulla
3 - from hilus out of lymph node via efferent lymphatic duct “

Question 20

track antigens through the lymph node

Answer 20

“1 - in via afferent lymphatic
2 - DCs and Macs in medulla present antigen
3 - DCs activate T cells that are in the paracortex
4 - Activated T cells give signals to promote cognate B cell proliferation in the follicles “

Question 21

Hallmark feature of innate immune system

Answer 21

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)/ Danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)

Question 22

what are Pamps and their importance

Answer 22

“Very common molecules in classes of microbes
• dsRNA in viruses
• Mannose (not common in mammalian cells) • Lipopolysaccharide • Lipoproteins
• Unique nucleic acid patterns • Unique lipids and carbohydrates
“

Question 23

Whate are Damps and their importance

Answer 23

Produced by “damaged” cells; initiate a response to trauma, cancer and other settings of tissue damage in the absences of overt pathogen infection

Question 24

PRR Function

Answer 24

“Receptors that recognize

PAMPs/DAMPs”

Question 25

Cellular vs Soluble PRR

Answer 25

Important in inducing inflammatory response
• Cellular PRRs
• Soluble PRRs
• Found externally on the cell or internally (within phagosomes and within the cytoplasm)
• Can induce signaling within cell for activation
• Facilitate phagocytosis
• Bind to extracellular microbes
• Primarily serve as clearance mechanisms
• Facilitate phagocytosis

Question 26

Steps of Phagocytosis

Answer 26

“1 - find infection
2 - engulf foreign particle (helped by opsonins
3 - pseudopodia forms, oxidative burst
4 - phagosome moves to cell center “

Question 27

Difference between fusion/digestion during phagocytosis

Answer 27

Fusion - cytoplasmic granules + phagosome -> phagolysosome

Digestion/degratation - oxygen independent (granule proteolytic enzymes)/ oxygen dependent (toxic peroxidases)