Autoimmunity Flashcards
Autoimmunity
Immunity to self (“friendly fire”) caused by failure of tolerance
Autoimmune disease
A condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue
Type 1a diabetes
- Autoimmune attack on islets of Langerhans beta cells (insulinproducing)
Multiple Sclerosis
- Demyelination of the central nervous system
Grave’s
- Hyperthyroidism w difuse goiter
Hashimoto’s
- Hypothyroidism w goiter (enlarged thyroid)
Lab Diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes
- ICA include : a-insulinoma antigen 2 (IA-2 and IA-2BetaA), a-insulin, a-GAD (Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase)
Diagnositics for Multiple Sclerosis
- Some patients may have anti-myelin Abs. However, there is not one specific antibody that is diagnostic for MS
Characteristics of Systemic autoimmunity
- Widespread pathologic changes in many organs throughout body
Examples of diseases that are not caused by autoimmunity
Athlete’s foot, Type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Anaphylaxis
Lab Diagnosis of Thyroid Autoimmune disease
a-thyroglobulin autAbs (IIF, passive agglutination,EIA)
What is this pattern?
Centromere Antibody - Hep2
Characteristics of Organ-specific autoimmunity
Chronic inflammatory changes in specific
Myasthenia Gravis
Disease marked by progressive weakness and
What are Autoimmune diseases associated with the Thyroid?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Grave’s disease
What is this pattern?
Homogeneous pattern on Hep-2; Anti-DNA, Anti-histones, Anti-nucleosomes, seen in RA and SLE
What is this pattern?
Nucleolar pattern on Hep-2; Nucleolus, SLE, PSS
The targets of Autoimmunity (classification)
Organ-specific and systemic
What is this pattern?
Peripheral/rim pattern on Hep-2; Anti-dsDNA, Specific of SLE
Examples of Autoimmune Diseases
Sjogren’s syndrome, Grave’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Pernicious Anemia, Type 1 Diabetes, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Goodpasture’s syndrome Rheumatoid Arthritis, Celiac disease, Systemic Sclerosis, Addison’s disease, Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
What is this pattern?
Speckled pattern on Hep-2; extractable nuclear Ag-SnRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins); SLE, SS
How do Genes influence Autoimmunity
These are complex diseases; multiple genetic variants contribute to disease (MHC haplotype is a common risk factor)
compare characteristics of weight fluctuations and temperature intolerance
Weight Gain/Cold Intolerance (Low T3/T4, anti-thyroglobulin +, Test anti-Thyroid PerOxidase (TPO)
Describe the results attached to the Oligoclonal banding pattern
1 - No bands / Normal
2 - Identical pattern / Infection/Inflammation
3 - Identical pattern / Monoclonal protein
4 - CSF pattern / seen MS
5 - extra CSF bands / seen MS
