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Biochemistry > TCA cycle > Flashcards

TCA cycle Flashcards

1
Q

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate into

A

Acetyl CoA

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2
Q

the PDC requires cofactors to operate. What are they

A

Lipoic acid
Thiamin
CoA
Niacin
Riboflavin

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3
Q

The PDC requires 3 steps to convert pyruvate to acetyl CoA. What are they?

A

Decarboxylation
Oxidation
Transfer of acetyl group to CoA
Regeneration of active enzyme

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4
Q

The PDC is a __ subunit enzyme complex

A

3

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5
Q

In E1 of the PDC, which Reaction is catalyzed

A

Decarboxylation of pyruvate

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6
Q

In E2 of the PDC, which reaction is catalyzed

A

Transfer of acetyl group to CoA

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7
Q

In E3 of the PDC, what is catalyzed

A

Regeneration of Disulfide form of lipoate

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8
Q

PDH is active when it is________and inactive when__________

A

Dephosphorolated

Phosphorylated

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9
Q

PDH is regulated by which enzymes

A

PDH kinase

PDH phosphotase

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10
Q

PDH kinase is activated by

A

High ATP & acetyl CoA and NADH

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11
Q

PDC phosphotase is activated when

A

ATP and acetylene CoA is low

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12
Q

PDHC deficiency causes_________

A

Lactate buildup

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13
Q

Arsenic poisoning inhibits______resulting in impaired production of acetylene CoA and energy production via oxidative phosphorylation

A

A subunit of PDHC

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14
Q

Fatty acid oxidation inhibits PDCH because fatty acid oxidation forms a large amount of _________which would replace the amount formed in PDCH

A

Acetyl CoA (which already inhibits the complex)

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15
Q

In the first step of the TCA cycle, acetyl CoA binds with oxaloacetate to form________via_________

A

Citrate; citrate synthase

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16
Q

Citrate synthase requires ATP. T/F

A

False. Only a water molecule is needed

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17
Q

Citrate synthase is highly regulated. T/F

A

True

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18
Q

Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate via the enzyme

A

Aconitase

19
Q

Isocitrate is dehydrogenated to alpha-ketoglutarate via the enzyme

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

20
Q

The key regulatory enzymes of the TCA cycle is

A

Citrate synthase

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

21
Q

Isocitrate is dehydrogenated to form________in the TCA cycle

A

Alpha-ketogluterate

22
Q

This enzyme complex is similar to the PDHC which requires the same cofactors and has the same subunits

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

23
Q

Alpha-ketoglutarate is formed into succinyl CoA via

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

24
Q

Succinyl CoA is catalyzed by succinyl CoA synthetase to form __________and the cleavage of the CoA produces

A

Succinate;ATP/GTP

25
Q

Succinate is catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase to form

A

Fumarate

26
Q

This is the only enzyme that is free floating and has physical contact with the ETC

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

27
Q

Fumerate is converted into_________ via fumerase and water

A

Malate

28
Q

Malate is catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase to for,

A

Oxaloacetate

29
Q

This reaction in the TCA cycle is considered unfavourable

A

Malate ———->oxaloacetate

30
Q

This reaction in the TCA cycle forms FADH2 from FAD+

A

Succinate to fumarate

31
Q

CO2 leaves the cycle during these 2 reactions

A

Isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate

Alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl,CoA

32
Q

3 NADH are formed via these reactions in the TCA cycle

A

Isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate

Alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA

Malate to oxaloacetate

33
Q

FADH2 is formed during this reaction

A

Succinate to fumarate

34
Q

PDHC is slowed down by these substrates

A

ATP
Acetyl Coa\A
Fatty acids
NADH

35
Q

Formation of acetyl CoA from pyruvate is accelerated by these substrates

A

AMP
CoA
NAD+
Ca 2+

36
Q

Sythesis of citrate is inhibited by

A

NADH
Succinyl CoA
Citrate
ATP

37
Q

Anaplerotic reactions are reactions which replenish intermediates in the TCA cycle.

Pyruvate and PEP (Phosphoenol pyruvate) can be carboxylated to form

A

Oxaloacetate

38
Q

Anaplerotic reactions are reactions which replenish intermediates in the TCA cycle.

Pyruvate with the prescence of a malic enzyme can be formed into

A

Malate

39
Q

Anaplerotic reactions are reactions which replenish intermediates in the TCA cycle.

Glutamate can be formed into

A

Alpha ketoglutarate

40
Q

Pyruvate carboxylase can convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate with______as a cofactor

A

Biotin

41
Q

This intermediate of the TCA cycle can be converted into glucose in the liver during the fasting state

A

Malate

42
Q

These intermediates of the TCA cycle can be converted into amino acids

A

Oxaloacetate
Alpha ketoglutarate

43
Q

Pyruvate carboxylase are primarily found in the___________ and is activated by

A

Liver, brain, and adipose tissue; acetyl CoA

44
Q

Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency leads to_______and causes

A

Lactic acid build up; hypotonia , delayed movement, ataxia

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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