Glycolosis Flashcards
Catabolic pathways include
Glycogenolysis
Glycolysis
Anabolic pathways include
Gluconeaogensis
Glycogenesis
Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occurs in
Mitochondria
Sucrose is a_______composing of________ and________
Disaccharide; glucose; fructose
During chewing, the enzyme_______ acts on
dietary starch breaking some α1→ 4 bonds
salivary alpha-amylase
The enzyme which breaks glycogen to maltose is
Amylase
The enzyme that breaks maltose to glucose is
Maltase
Glucose and galactose pass through the membrane easily. T/F
False
They need to hitch a ride on a sodium dependent hexose transporter
Fructose hitches a a ride on another hexose transporter and doesn’t require a sodium. T/F
True
Glucose and galactose hitch a ride on the______transporter
SGLT1
Exit from the cell for all sugars is via the
GLUT2
Which family of carriers are used to carry glucose to and from blood
GLUT
GLUT4 is________dependent
Insulin
Insulin stimulates the transport of________into muscle and adipose cells
GLUT4
Glucose is phosphorylated by_______to form glucose 6 phosphate
ATP
Which enzyme catalyze the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate
Hexokinase
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose1,6-bisphosphate
Phosphofructokinase 1
The difference between hexokinase and glucokinase is that
Glucokinase mostly acts on the liver and beta cells of the pancreas while hexokinase acts on most other tissues
Inhibitors of phosphofructokinase are
ATP and citrate
Activators of phosphofructokinase-1 are
AMP, ADP, and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
The enzyme _______catalyzes the reaction converting fructose-6-phosphate to fructose 2,6-biphosphate
Phosphofructokinase -2 (PFK2)
PFK2 is a bi functional enzyme. It’s activities include:
Kinase activity
Phosphotase activity
1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate via the enzyme
Phospho glycerate kinase
Phosphoglycerate kinase is an irreversible reaction since it involves the use of ATP. T/F
False
This is the only step in glycolysis which involves ATP but is reversible
The rate limiting step in glycolysis is
Phosphofructokinase 1
When arsenate replaces phosphate in the step involving 1,3 biphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, how much ATP is made
None
Pyruvate kinase is activated by
Fructose 1,6 biphosphate
Pyruvate kinase is inhibited by
Alanine
And
Phosporylation in the liver during fasting
Pyruvate kinase is activated when phosphorolated. T/F
False,
Phosphorylation makes pyruvate kinase less active. The dephosphorylation of pyruvate kinase is what makes it active
Pyruvate may be converted to which amino acid
Alanine
In aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is oxidized to
Acetyl CoA
In the lactic acid cycle, lactate is moved to the_________and produces_________ using 6 ATP
Liver; glucose
In lactic acidosis, the_________ratio greatly increases which back up glycolysis
NADH/NAD+
The sugar in table sugar and fruit is which sugar
Sucrose
Fructose is mainly metabolized in the_______where it is converted into________or under fasting conditions_________
Liver; pyruvtate; glucose
The metabolism of fructose converts fructose into
Glycolytic intermediates
In Fructose metabolism, fructose is phosphorylated to fructose 1-phosphate by
ATP
In fructose metabolism, the enzyme associated with transferring phosphate from ATP to create fructose 1-phosphate is
Fructokinase
Fructose 1 phosphate is cleaved by________ to form dihydroxyacetone (DHAP)
Aldolase B
dihydroxyacetone (DHAP) is phosphorolated by_______to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
ATP
Fructose can be synthesized to glucose via the
Polyol pathway
In the polyol pathway, glucose is reduced to_________ via aldose reductase which is then re-oxidized to _________
Sorbitol; fructose
What happens Aldolase B is deficient
Low levels in glucose
Fructose accumulation
Uric acid build up
Lactic acid build up
Fructose cannot be metabolized
Galactose is converted to galactose 1-phosphate via
Galacto kinase
Galactose 1- phosphate reacts with_________ and forms glucose 1- phosphate and_______
UDP-glucose; UDP galactose
The enzyme associated with converting galactose 1-phosphate to to glucose 1 -phosphate is
Galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
UDP-galactose reacts with glucose in the _________to produce the milk sugar lactose
Lactating mammary gland
ATP is produced in glycolysis during the reactions catalyzed by these 2 enzymes
Pyruvate kinase
Phosphoglycerate kinase
