Glycolosis

Question 1

Catabolic pathways include

Answer 1

Glycogenolysis
Glycolysis

Question 2

Anabolic pathways include

Answer 2

Gluconeaogensis
Glycogenesis

Question 3

Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occurs in

Answer 3

Mitochondria

Question 4

Sucrose is a_______composing of________ and________

Answer 4

Disaccharide; glucose; fructose

Question 5

During chewing, the enzyme_______ acts on
dietary starch breaking some α1→ 4 bonds

Answer 5

salivary alpha-amylase

Question 6

The enzyme which breaks glycogen to maltose is

Answer 6

Amylase

Question 7

The enzyme that breaks maltose to glucose is

Answer 7

Maltase

Question 8

Glucose and galactose pass through the membrane easily. T/F

Answer 8

False

They need to hitch a ride on a sodium dependent hexose transporter

Question 9

Fructose hitches a a ride on another hexose transporter and doesn’t require a sodium. T/F

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Glucose and galactose hitch a ride on the______transporter

Answer 10

SGLT1

Question 11

Exit from the cell for all sugars is via the

Answer 11

GLUT2

Question 12

Which family of carriers are used to carry glucose to and from blood

Answer 12

GLUT

Question 13

GLUT4 is________dependent

Answer 13

Insulin

Question 14

Insulin stimulates the transport of________into muscle and adipose cells

Answer 14

GLUT4

Question 15

Glucose is phosphorylated by_______to form glucose 6 phosphate

Answer 15

ATP

Question 16

Which enzyme catalyze the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate

Answer 16

Hexokinase

Question 17

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose1,6-bisphosphate

Answer 17

Phosphofructokinase 1

Question 18

The difference between hexokinase and glucokinase is that

Answer 18

Glucokinase mostly acts on the liver and beta cells of the pancreas while hexokinase acts on most other tissues

Question 19

Inhibitors of phosphofructokinase are

Answer 19

ATP and citrate

Question 20

Activators of phosphofructokinase-1 are

Answer 20

AMP, ADP, and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

Question 21

The enzyme _______catalyzes the reaction converting fructose-6-phosphate to fructose 2,6-biphosphate

Answer 21

Phosphofructokinase -2 (PFK2)

Question 22

PFK2 is a bi functional enzyme. It’s activities include:

Answer 22

Kinase activity
Phosphotase activity

Question 23

1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate via the enzyme

Answer 23

Phospho glycerate kinase

Question 24

Phosphoglycerate kinase is an irreversible reaction since it involves the use of ATP. T/F

Answer 24

False

This is the only step in glycolysis which involves ATP but is reversible

Question 25

The rate limiting step in glycolysis is

Answer 25

Phosphofructokinase 1

Question 26

When arsenate replaces phosphate in the step involving 1,3 biphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, how much ATP is made

Answer 26

None

Question 27

Pyruvate kinase is activated by

Answer 27

Fructose 1,6 biphosphate

Question 28

Pyruvate kinase is inhibited by

Answer 28

Alanine And Phosporylation in the liver during fasting

Question 29

Pyruvate kinase is activated when phosphorolated. T/F

Answer 29

False, Phosphorylation makes pyruvate kinase less active. The dephosphorylation of pyruvate kinase is what makes it active

Question 30

Pyruvate may be converted to which amino acid

Answer 30

Alanine

Question 31

In aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is oxidized to

Answer 31

Acetyl CoA

Question 32

In the lactic acid cycle, lactate is moved to the_________and produces_________ using 6 ATP

Answer 32

Liver; glucose

Question 33

In lactic acidosis, the_________ratio greatly increases which back up glycolysis

Answer 33

NADH/NAD+

Question 34

The sugar in table sugar and fruit is which sugar

Answer 34

Sucrose

Question 35

Fructose is mainly metabolized in the_______where it is converted into________or under fasting conditions_________

Answer 35

Liver; pyruvtate; glucose

Question 36

The metabolism of fructose converts fructose into

Answer 36

Glycolytic intermediates

Question 37

In Fructose metabolism, fructose is phosphorylated to fructose 1-phosphate by

Answer 37

ATP

Question 38

In fructose metabolism, the enzyme associated with transferring phosphate from ATP to create fructose 1-phosphate is

Answer 38

Fructokinase

Question 39

Fructose 1 phosphate is cleaved by________ to form dihydroxyacetone (DHAP)

Answer 39

Aldolase B

Question 40

dihydroxyacetone (DHAP) is phosphorolated by_______to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Answer 40

ATP

Question 41

Fructose can be synthesized to glucose via the

Answer 41

Polyol pathway

Question 42

In the polyol pathway, glucose is reduced to_________ via aldose reductase which is then re-oxidized to _________

Answer 42

Sorbitol; fructose

Question 43

What happens Aldolase B is deficient

Answer 43

Low levels in glucose Fructose accumulation Uric acid build up Lactic acid build up Fructose cannot be metabolized

Question 44

Galactose is converted to galactose 1-phosphate via

Answer 44

Galacto kinase

Question 45

Galactose 1- phosphate reacts with_________ and forms glucose 1- phosphate and_______

Answer 45

UDP-glucose; UDP galactose

Question 46

The enzyme associated with converting galactose 1-phosphate to to glucose 1 -phosphate is

Answer 46

Galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

Question 47

UDP-galactose reacts with glucose in the _________to produce the milk sugar lactose

Answer 47

Lactating mammary gland

Question 48

ATP is produced in glycolysis during the reactions catalyzed by these 2 enzymes

Answer 48

Pyruvate kinase Phosphoglycerate kinase